Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients
Apoptosis in acute stroke is associated with a negative prognosis and is correlated with the severity of the neurological deficit. However, there is no evidence that indicates that, in the subacute phase of the stroke, the apoptosis process might activate neuroplasticity. Therefore, in this study, w...
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doaj-f19fce2c3ab4412a92773e82061dd4e12020-11-25T02:26:29ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-04-011026626610.3390/brainsci10050266Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke PatientsNatalia Cichon0Ewelina Synowiec1Elzbieta Miller2Tomasz Sliwinski3Michal Ceremuga4Joanna Saluk-Bijak5Michal Bijak6Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, PolandDepartment of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, PolandMilitary Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, PolandDepartment of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandApoptosis in acute stroke is associated with a negative prognosis and is correlated with the severity of the neurological deficit. However, there is no evidence that indicates that, in the subacute phase of the stroke, the apoptosis process might activate neuroplasticity. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, as used in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Patients with moderate stroke severity (<i>n </i>= 48), 3–4 weeks after incident, were enrolled in the analysis and divided into ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF group. The rehabilitation program in both groups involves the following: kinesiotherapy—30 min; psychological therapy—15 min; and neurophysiological routines—60 min. Additionally, the ELF-EMF group was exposed to an ELF-EMF (40 Hz, 5 mT). In order to assess the apoptosis gene expression level, we measured the mRNA expression of <i>BAX</i>, <i>BCL</i>-<i>2</i>, <i>CASP8</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, and <i>TP53</i>. We found that ELF-EMF significantly increased the expression of <i>BAX</i>, <i>CASP8</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, and <i>TP53</i>, whereas the <i>BCL-2</i> mRNA expression after ELF-EMF exposition remained at a comparable level in both groups. Thus, we suggest that increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in post-stroke patients promotes the activation of signaling pathways involved in brain plasticity processes. However, further research is needed to clarify this process.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/5/266extremely low frequency electromagnetic fieldapoptosisneuroplasticitystroke |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Natalia Cichon Ewelina Synowiec Elzbieta Miller Tomasz Sliwinski Michal Ceremuga Joanna Saluk-Bijak Michal Bijak |
spellingShingle |
Natalia Cichon Ewelina Synowiec Elzbieta Miller Tomasz Sliwinski Michal Ceremuga Joanna Saluk-Bijak Michal Bijak Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients Brain Sciences extremely low frequency electromagnetic field apoptosis neuroplasticity stroke |
author_facet |
Natalia Cichon Ewelina Synowiec Elzbieta Miller Tomasz Sliwinski Michal Ceremuga Joanna Saluk-Bijak Michal Bijak |
author_sort |
Natalia Cichon |
title |
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients |
title_short |
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients |
title_full |
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients |
title_sort |
effect of rehabilitation with extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on molecular mechanism of apoptosis in post-stroke patients |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Brain Sciences |
issn |
2076-3425 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Apoptosis in acute stroke is associated with a negative prognosis and is correlated with the severity of the neurological deficit. However, there is no evidence that indicates that, in the subacute phase of the stroke, the apoptosis process might activate neuroplasticity. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, as used in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Patients with moderate stroke severity (<i>n </i>= 48), 3–4 weeks after incident, were enrolled in the analysis and divided into ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF group. The rehabilitation program in both groups involves the following: kinesiotherapy—30 min; psychological therapy—15 min; and neurophysiological routines—60 min. Additionally, the ELF-EMF group was exposed to an ELF-EMF (40 Hz, 5 mT). In order to assess the apoptosis gene expression level, we measured the mRNA expression of <i>BAX</i>, <i>BCL</i>-<i>2</i>, <i>CASP8</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, and <i>TP53</i>. We found that ELF-EMF significantly increased the expression of <i>BAX</i>, <i>CASP8</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, and <i>TP53</i>, whereas the <i>BCL-2</i> mRNA expression after ELF-EMF exposition remained at a comparable level in both groups. Thus, we suggest that increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in post-stroke patients promotes the activation of signaling pathways involved in brain plasticity processes. However, further research is needed to clarify this process. |
topic |
extremely low frequency electromagnetic field apoptosis neuroplasticity stroke |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/5/266 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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