A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius).
Laboratory animals are commonly anesthetized to prevent pain and distress and to provide safe handling. Anesthesia procedures are well-developed for common laboratory mammals, but not as well established in reptiles. We assessed the performance of intramuscularly injected tiletamine (dissociative an...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
|
Series: | PLoS ONE |
Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6195258?pdf=render |
id |
doaj-f1a1eb75346a4fc4afe4bb3f16005e69 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-f1a1eb75346a4fc4afe4bb3f16005e692020-11-25T02:43:28ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-011310e019933910.1371/journal.pone.0199339A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius).Lynn J MillerDavid P FettererNicole L GarzaMatthew G LackemeyerGinger C DonnellyJesse T SteffensSean A Van TongerenJimmy O FiallosJoshua L MooreShannon T MarkoLuis A Lugo-RomanGreg FedewaJoseph L DeRisiJens H KuhnScott J StahlLaboratory animals are commonly anesthetized to prevent pain and distress and to provide safe handling. Anesthesia procedures are well-developed for common laboratory mammals, but not as well established in reptiles. We assessed the performance of intramuscularly injected tiletamine (dissociative anesthetic) and zolazepam (benzodiazepine sedative) in fixed combination (2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) in comparison to 2 mg/kg of midazolam (benzodiazepine sedative) in ball pythons (Python regius). We measured heart and respiratory rates and quantified induction parameters (i.e., time to loss of righting reflex, time to loss of withdrawal reflex) and recovery parameters (i.e., time to regain righting reflex, withdrawal reflex, normal behavior). Mild decreases in heart and respiratory rates (median decrease of <10 beats per minute and <5 breaths per minute) were observed for most time points among all three anesthetic dose groups. No statistically significant difference between the median time to loss of righting reflex was observed among animals of any group (p = 0.783). However, the withdrawal reflex was lost in all snakes receiving 3mg/kg of tiletamine+zolazepam but not in all animals of the other two groups (p = 0.0004). In addition, the time for animals to regain the righting reflex and resume normal behavior was longer in the drug combination dose groups compared to the midazolam group (p = 0.0055). Our results indicate that midazolam is an adequate sedative for ball pythons but does not suffice to achieve reliable immobilization or anesthesia, whereas tiletamine+zolazepam achieves short-term anesthesia in a dose-dependent manner.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6195258?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lynn J Miller David P Fetterer Nicole L Garza Matthew G Lackemeyer Ginger C Donnelly Jesse T Steffens Sean A Van Tongeren Jimmy O Fiallos Joshua L Moore Shannon T Marko Luis A Lugo-Roman Greg Fedewa Joseph L DeRisi Jens H Kuhn Scott J Stahl |
spellingShingle |
Lynn J Miller David P Fetterer Nicole L Garza Matthew G Lackemeyer Ginger C Donnelly Jesse T Steffens Sean A Van Tongeren Jimmy O Fiallos Joshua L Moore Shannon T Marko Luis A Lugo-Roman Greg Fedewa Joseph L DeRisi Jens H Kuhn Scott J Stahl A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Lynn J Miller David P Fetterer Nicole L Garza Matthew G Lackemeyer Ginger C Donnelly Jesse T Steffens Sean A Van Tongeren Jimmy O Fiallos Joshua L Moore Shannon T Marko Luis A Lugo-Roman Greg Fedewa Joseph L DeRisi Jens H Kuhn Scott J Stahl |
author_sort |
Lynn J Miller |
title |
A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). |
title_short |
A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). |
title_full |
A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). |
title_fullStr |
A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). |
title_full_unstemmed |
A fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (Python regius). |
title_sort |
fixed moderate-dose combination of tiletamine+zolazepam outperforms midazolam in induction of short-term immobilization of ball pythons (python regius). |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Laboratory animals are commonly anesthetized to prevent pain and distress and to provide safe handling. Anesthesia procedures are well-developed for common laboratory mammals, but not as well established in reptiles. We assessed the performance of intramuscularly injected tiletamine (dissociative anesthetic) and zolazepam (benzodiazepine sedative) in fixed combination (2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) in comparison to 2 mg/kg of midazolam (benzodiazepine sedative) in ball pythons (Python regius). We measured heart and respiratory rates and quantified induction parameters (i.e., time to loss of righting reflex, time to loss of withdrawal reflex) and recovery parameters (i.e., time to regain righting reflex, withdrawal reflex, normal behavior). Mild decreases in heart and respiratory rates (median decrease of <10 beats per minute and <5 breaths per minute) were observed for most time points among all three anesthetic dose groups. No statistically significant difference between the median time to loss of righting reflex was observed among animals of any group (p = 0.783). However, the withdrawal reflex was lost in all snakes receiving 3mg/kg of tiletamine+zolazepam but not in all animals of the other two groups (p = 0.0004). In addition, the time for animals to regain the righting reflex and resume normal behavior was longer in the drug combination dose groups compared to the midazolam group (p = 0.0055). Our results indicate that midazolam is an adequate sedative for ball pythons but does not suffice to achieve reliable immobilization or anesthesia, whereas tiletamine+zolazepam achieves short-term anesthesia in a dose-dependent manner. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6195258?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lynnjmiller afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT davidpfetterer afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT nicolelgarza afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT matthewglackemeyer afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT gingercdonnelly afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jessetsteffens afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT seanavantongeren afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jimmyofiallos afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT joshualmoore afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT shannontmarko afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT luisalugoroman afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT gregfedewa afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT josephlderisi afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jenshkuhn afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT scottjstahl afixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT lynnjmiller fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT davidpfetterer fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT nicolelgarza fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT matthewglackemeyer fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT gingercdonnelly fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jessetsteffens fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT seanavantongeren fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jimmyofiallos fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT joshualmoore fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT shannontmarko fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT luisalugoroman fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT gregfedewa fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT josephlderisi fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT jenshkuhn fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius AT scottjstahl fixedmoderatedosecombinationoftiletaminezolazepamoutperformsmidazolamininductionofshorttermimmobilizationofballpythonspythonregius |
_version_ |
1724769122046181376 |