Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans
Background: The brain region responsible for the initiation of K-complexes has not been identified to date. Objective: To determine the brain region responsible for originating K-complexes. Methods: We reviewed all 269 patients assessed for epilepsy surgery with intracranial electrodes and single pu...
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doaj-f1a4ab32c41f43479d3299fc7dd7ba4c2021-03-18T04:41:16ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2015-09-0185881890Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake HumansZanna Voysey0David Martín-López1Diego Jiménez-Jiménez2Richard P. Selway3Gonzalo Alarcón4Antonio Valentín5Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UKDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; West Surrey Clinical Neurophysiology, St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, UKDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, School of Medicine, Quito, EcuadorDepartment of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UKDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Neurology Section, Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, PO 43, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Tel.: +44 20 7848 5161x5436; fax: +44 20 73463725.Background: The brain region responsible for the initiation of K-complexes has not been identified to date. Objective: To determine the brain region responsible for originating K-complexes. Methods: We reviewed all 269 patients assessed for epilepsy surgery with intracranial electrodes and single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) at King's College Hospital between 1999 and 2013. Intracranial EEG responses to electrical stimulation at orbitofrontal, frontal, cingulate, temporal and parietal loci were compared visually with each patient's K-complexes and the degree of resemblance was quantified. Results: Among the 269 patients, K-complex-like responses were exclusively observed in all 6 patients who had depth electrodes in the cingulate cortex. In each patient, the stimulation site eliciting the response of greatest similarity to the patient's K-complex was located within the dorso-caudal anterior cingulate. The K-complex like responses were evoked when the patients were awake. Conclusion: Our findings provide the first causal evidence that the cingulate gyrus initiates the widespread synchronous activity that constitutes the K-complex. The induction of K-complex-like responses during wakefulness suggests that the mechanisms required for the initiation of K-complexes are separate from those involved in sleep.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X1500947XK-complexSingle pulse electrical stimulationSleep phenomenaCingulate gyrus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zanna Voysey David Martín-López Diego Jiménez-Jiménez Richard P. Selway Gonzalo Alarcón Antonio Valentín |
spellingShingle |
Zanna Voysey David Martín-López Diego Jiménez-Jiménez Richard P. Selway Gonzalo Alarcón Antonio Valentín Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans Brain Stimulation K-complex Single pulse electrical stimulation Sleep phenomena Cingulate gyrus |
author_facet |
Zanna Voysey David Martín-López Diego Jiménez-Jiménez Richard P. Selway Gonzalo Alarcón Antonio Valentín |
author_sort |
Zanna Voysey |
title |
Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans |
title_short |
Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans |
title_full |
Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans |
title_fullStr |
Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans |
title_sort |
electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate gyrus induces responses similar to k-complexes in awake humans |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Brain Stimulation |
issn |
1935-861X |
publishDate |
2015-09-01 |
description |
Background: The brain region responsible for the initiation of K-complexes has not been identified to date. Objective: To determine the brain region responsible for originating K-complexes. Methods: We reviewed all 269 patients assessed for epilepsy surgery with intracranial electrodes and single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) at King's College Hospital between 1999 and 2013. Intracranial EEG responses to electrical stimulation at orbitofrontal, frontal, cingulate, temporal and parietal loci were compared visually with each patient's K-complexes and the degree of resemblance was quantified. Results: Among the 269 patients, K-complex-like responses were exclusively observed in all 6 patients who had depth electrodes in the cingulate cortex. In each patient, the stimulation site eliciting the response of greatest similarity to the patient's K-complex was located within the dorso-caudal anterior cingulate. The K-complex like responses were evoked when the patients were awake. Conclusion: Our findings provide the first causal evidence that the cingulate gyrus initiates the widespread synchronous activity that constitutes the K-complex. The induction of K-complex-like responses during wakefulness suggests that the mechanisms required for the initiation of K-complexes are separate from those involved in sleep. |
topic |
K-complex Single pulse electrical stimulation Sleep phenomena Cingulate gyrus |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X1500947X |
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