Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen
As the main source of nutrients for the important pollinator honeybee, bee pollen is crucial for the health of the honeybee and the agro-ecosystem. In the present study, a new sample preparation procedure has been developed for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The neonico...
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5703 |
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doaj-f28a5ef54b1b4730b03a0338c484a0c12020-12-04T00:01:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-01255703570310.3390/molecules25235703Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee PollenXijuan Tu0Wenbin Chen1College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaAs the main source of nutrients for the important pollinator honeybee, bee pollen is crucial for the health of the honeybee and the agro-ecosystem. In the present study, a new sample preparation procedure has been developed for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The neonicotinoid pesticides were extracted using miniaturized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (mini-SALLE), followed by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for the clean-up of analytes. Effects of DPX parameters on the clean-up performance were systematically investigated, including sorbent types (PSA, C18, and silica gel), mass of sorbent, loading modes, and elution conditions. In addition, the clean-up effect of classical dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) was compared with that of the DPX method. Results indicated that PSA-based DPX showed excellent clean-up ability for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The proposed DPX method was fully validated and demonstrated to provide the advantage of simple and rapid clean-up with low consumption of solvent. This is the first report of DPX method applied in bee pollen matrix, and would be valuable for the development of a fast sample preparation method for this challenging and important matrix.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5703sample preparationdisposable pipette extractionneonicotinoid pesticidesbee pollenHPLCsalting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xijuan Tu Wenbin Chen |
spellingShingle |
Xijuan Tu Wenbin Chen Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen Molecules sample preparation disposable pipette extraction neonicotinoid pesticides bee pollen HPLC salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction |
author_facet |
Xijuan Tu Wenbin Chen |
author_sort |
Xijuan Tu |
title |
Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen |
title_short |
Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen |
title_full |
Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen |
title_fullStr |
Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen |
title_full_unstemmed |
Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen |
title_sort |
miniaturized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction combined with disposable pipette extraction for fast sample preparation of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
As the main source of nutrients for the important pollinator honeybee, bee pollen is crucial for the health of the honeybee and the agro-ecosystem. In the present study, a new sample preparation procedure has been developed for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The neonicotinoid pesticides were extracted using miniaturized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (mini-SALLE), followed by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for the clean-up of analytes. Effects of DPX parameters on the clean-up performance were systematically investigated, including sorbent types (PSA, C18, and silica gel), mass of sorbent, loading modes, and elution conditions. In addition, the clean-up effect of classical dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) was compared with that of the DPX method. Results indicated that PSA-based DPX showed excellent clean-up ability for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The proposed DPX method was fully validated and demonstrated to provide the advantage of simple and rapid clean-up with low consumption of solvent. This is the first report of DPX method applied in bee pollen matrix, and would be valuable for the development of a fast sample preparation method for this challenging and important matrix. |
topic |
sample preparation disposable pipette extraction neonicotinoid pesticides bee pollen HPLC salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5703 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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