Effect of an External Electric Field on the Kinetics of Dislocation-Free Growth of Tetragonal Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystals

• Main Authors: Haruhiko Koizumi, Satoshi Uda, Kozo Fujiwara, Junpei Okada, Jun Nozawa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2017-06-01
• Series: Crystals
• Subjects: protein crystals; growth kinetics; electric field; crystal quality
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/6/170

Dislocation-free tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals were grown from a seed crystal in a cell. The rates of tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystal growth normal to the (110) and (101) faces with and without a 1-MHz external electric field were measured. A decrease in the typical growth rates of the crystal measured under an applied field at 1 MHz was observed, although the overall driving force increased. Assuming that the birth and spread mechanism of two-dimensional nucleation occurs, an increase in the effective surface energy of the step ends was realized in the presence of the electric field, which led to an improvement in the crystal quality of the tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals. This article also discusses the increase in the effective surface energy of the step ends with respect to the change in the entropy of the solid.