New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of an...
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doaj-f3c7b2a3ddfb401b83261d179cba50152020-11-25T01:43:58ZengMDPI AGVision2411-51502018-07-01233110.3390/vision2030031vision2030031New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFsPraveen Yerramothu0School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 00098, AustraliaNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves vision in approximately 30–40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has identified novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signaling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed as anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD.http://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/2/3/31neovascular AMDnew therapiesanti-VEGFsAMD signaling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Praveen Yerramothu |
spellingShingle |
Praveen Yerramothu New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs Vision neovascular AMD new therapies anti-VEGFs AMD signaling |
author_facet |
Praveen Yerramothu |
author_sort |
Praveen Yerramothu |
title |
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs |
title_short |
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs |
title_full |
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs |
title_fullStr |
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs |
title_sort |
new therapies of neovascular amd—beyond anti-vegfs |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Vision |
issn |
2411-5150 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves vision in approximately 30–40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has identified novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signaling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed as anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD. |
topic |
neovascular AMD new therapies anti-VEGFs AMD signaling |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/2/3/31 |
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