Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition
Exemplar, prototype, and rule theory have organized much of the enormous literature on categorization. From this theoretical foundation have arisen the two primary debates in the literature—the prototype-exemplar debate and the single system-multiple systems debate. We review these theories and deba...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-06-01
|
Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/6/2/12 |
id |
doaj-f3f5ec2c60df410e978ce34c1e9fec3f |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-f3f5ec2c60df410e978ce34c1e9fec3f2020-11-24T22:35:07ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2016-06-01621210.3390/bs6020012bs6020012Categorization: The View from Animal CognitionJ. David Smith0Alexandria C. Zakrzewski1Jennifer M. Johnson2Jeanette C. Valleau3Barbara A. Church4Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 738 Urban Life Building, 140 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Park Hall Room 204, Buffalo, NY 14260, USADepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, 738 Urban Life Building, 140 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, 738 Urban Life Building, 140 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USALanguage Research Center, Georgia State University, 3401 Panthersville Rd, Decatur, GA 30034, USAExemplar, prototype, and rule theory have organized much of the enormous literature on categorization. From this theoretical foundation have arisen the two primary debates in the literature—the prototype-exemplar debate and the single system-multiple systems debate. We review these theories and debates. Then, we examine the contribution that animal-cognition studies have made to them. Animals have been crucial behavioral ambassadors to the literature on categorization. They reveal the roots of human categorization, the basic assumptions of vertebrates entering category tasks, the surprising weakness of exemplar memory as a category-learning strategy. They show that a unitary exemplar theory of categorization is insufficient to explain human and animal categorization. They show that a multiple-systems theoretical account—encompassing exemplars, prototypes, and rules—will be required for a complete explanation. They show the value of a fitness perspective in understanding categorization, and the value of giving categorization an evolutionary depth and phylogenetic breadth. They raise important questions about the internal similarity structure of natural kinds and categories. They demonstrate strong continuities with humans in categorization, but discontinuities, too. Categorization’s great debates are resolving themselves, and to these resolutions animals have made crucial contributions.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/6/2/12category learningcategorizationcognitive evolutioncomparative cognitionanimal cognition |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
J. David Smith Alexandria C. Zakrzewski Jennifer M. Johnson Jeanette C. Valleau Barbara A. Church |
spellingShingle |
J. David Smith Alexandria C. Zakrzewski Jennifer M. Johnson Jeanette C. Valleau Barbara A. Church Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition Behavioral Sciences category learning categorization cognitive evolution comparative cognition animal cognition |
author_facet |
J. David Smith Alexandria C. Zakrzewski Jennifer M. Johnson Jeanette C. Valleau Barbara A. Church |
author_sort |
J. David Smith |
title |
Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition |
title_short |
Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition |
title_full |
Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition |
title_fullStr |
Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Categorization: The View from Animal Cognition |
title_sort |
categorization: the view from animal cognition |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Behavioral Sciences |
issn |
2076-328X |
publishDate |
2016-06-01 |
description |
Exemplar, prototype, and rule theory have organized much of the enormous literature on categorization. From this theoretical foundation have arisen the two primary debates in the literature—the prototype-exemplar debate and the single system-multiple systems debate. We review these theories and debates. Then, we examine the contribution that animal-cognition studies have made to them. Animals have been crucial behavioral ambassadors to the literature on categorization. They reveal the roots of human categorization, the basic assumptions of vertebrates entering category tasks, the surprising weakness of exemplar memory as a category-learning strategy. They show that a unitary exemplar theory of categorization is insufficient to explain human and animal categorization. They show that a multiple-systems theoretical account—encompassing exemplars, prototypes, and rules—will be required for a complete explanation. They show the value of a fitness perspective in understanding categorization, and the value of giving categorization an evolutionary depth and phylogenetic breadth. They raise important questions about the internal similarity structure of natural kinds and categories. They demonstrate strong continuities with humans in categorization, but discontinuities, too. Categorization’s great debates are resolving themselves, and to these resolutions animals have made crucial contributions. |
topic |
category learning categorization cognitive evolution comparative cognition animal cognition |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/6/2/12 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jdavidsmith categorizationtheviewfromanimalcognition AT alexandriaczakrzewski categorizationtheviewfromanimalcognition AT jennifermjohnson categorizationtheviewfromanimalcognition AT jeanettecvalleau categorizationtheviewfromanimalcognition AT barbaraachurch categorizationtheviewfromanimalcognition |
_version_ |
1725724750974550016 |