Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat)
As plastic has become an integral component of daily life, microplastic has become a ubiquitous, unavoidable constituent of nearly all ecosystems. Besides monitoring the amount and distribution of microplastic in the environment, it is necessary to understand the possible direct effects, especially...
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doaj-f44503fcf71745f88ad571286f567d372021-07-23T13:39:55ZengMDPI AGEnvironments2076-32982021-07-018646410.3390/environments8070064Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat)Stephan Pflugmacher0Saila Tallinen1Simon M. Mitrovic2Olli-Pekka Penttinen3Young-Jun Kim4Sanghun Kim5Maranda Esterhuizen6Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaEcosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandSchool of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaEcosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandJoint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe), Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7 1, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyCenter for Chemical Safety Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, KoreaEcosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandAs plastic has become an integral component of daily life, microplastic has become a ubiquitous, unavoidable constituent of nearly all ecosystems. Besides monitoring the amount and distribution of microplastic in the environment, it is necessary to understand the possible direct effects, especially toxicity and how it is affected by environmental factors where it is discarded. The present study investigated how microplastic derived from high-density polyethylene bottle caps collected in two climatically different cities, i.e., Singapore (tropical rainforest climate) and Lahti, Finland (continental climate), affected the essential agricultural grain crop, <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (L.). Wheat seedlings were exposed to microplastic derived from these collected bottle caps, as well as new and artificially aged caps, for seven days. Morphological parameters, such as root and shoot length and oxidative stress development, were measured. Exposure to microplastic derived from the caps resulted in reduced seedling root and shoot lengths compared to the controls, as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. With all parameters tested, microplastic derived from Lahti bottle caps exhibited more severe effects than Singapore, which was similar to that elicited by new microplastic. The Singapore microplastic had possibly leached its toxic substances before collection due to accelerated degradation promoted by the prevailing warmer climate conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/8/7/64microplasticpolyethyleneweatherheatplastic pollution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stephan Pflugmacher Saila Tallinen Simon M. Mitrovic Olli-Pekka Penttinen Young-Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Maranda Esterhuizen |
spellingShingle |
Stephan Pflugmacher Saila Tallinen Simon M. Mitrovic Olli-Pekka Penttinen Young-Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Maranda Esterhuizen Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) Environments microplastic polyethylene weather heat plastic pollution |
author_facet |
Stephan Pflugmacher Saila Tallinen Simon M. Mitrovic Olli-Pekka Penttinen Young-Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Maranda Esterhuizen |
author_sort |
Stephan Pflugmacher |
title |
Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) |
title_short |
Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) |
title_full |
Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) |
title_fullStr |
Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Wheat) |
title_sort |
case study comparing effects of microplastic derived from bottle caps collected in two cities on <i>triticum aestivum</i> (wheat) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Environments |
issn |
2076-3298 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
As plastic has become an integral component of daily life, microplastic has become a ubiquitous, unavoidable constituent of nearly all ecosystems. Besides monitoring the amount and distribution of microplastic in the environment, it is necessary to understand the possible direct effects, especially toxicity and how it is affected by environmental factors where it is discarded. The present study investigated how microplastic derived from high-density polyethylene bottle caps collected in two climatically different cities, i.e., Singapore (tropical rainforest climate) and Lahti, Finland (continental climate), affected the essential agricultural grain crop, <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (L.). Wheat seedlings were exposed to microplastic derived from these collected bottle caps, as well as new and artificially aged caps, for seven days. Morphological parameters, such as root and shoot length and oxidative stress development, were measured. Exposure to microplastic derived from the caps resulted in reduced seedling root and shoot lengths compared to the controls, as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. With all parameters tested, microplastic derived from Lahti bottle caps exhibited more severe effects than Singapore, which was similar to that elicited by new microplastic. The Singapore microplastic had possibly leached its toxic substances before collection due to accelerated degradation promoted by the prevailing warmer climate conditions. |
topic |
microplastic polyethylene weather heat plastic pollution |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/8/7/64 |
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