Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
Abstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopa...
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doaj-f4785161f1ca4672af5d48b60f31bf372021-01-24T12:46:44ZengNature Publishing Groupnpj Parkinson's Disease2373-80572021-01-017111310.1038/s41531-020-00154-7Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s diseaseAlicia Flores-Cuadrado0Daniel Saiz-Sanchez1Alicia Mohedano-Moriano2Elena Lamas-Cenjor3Victor Leon-Olmo4Alino Martinez-Marcos5Isabel Ubeda-Bañon6Neuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La ManchaNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La ManchaAbstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopathy. These pathological deposits have been correlated with neural loss in Nissl-stained material. However, microgliosis has rarely been studied, and astrogliosis has been virtually neglected. In the present report, α-synucleinopathy (α-synuclein), neurodegeneration (Neu-N), astrogliosis (GFAP), and microgliosis (Iba-1) were quantified, using specific markers and stereological methods. Disease, sex, age, disease duration, and post-mortem interval were considered variables for statistical analysis. No volumetric changes have been identified regarding disease or sex. α-Synucleinopathy was present throughout the OB, mainly concentrated on anterior olfactory nucleus. Neurodegeneration (reduction in Neu-N-positive cells) was statistically significant in the diseased group. Astrogliosis (increased GFAP labeling) and microgliosis (increased Iba-1 labeling) were significantly enhanced in the Parkinson’s disease group. When analyzed per sex, neurodegeneration and microgliosis differences are only present in men. These data constitute the demonstration of sex differences in neurodegeneration using specific neural markers, enhanced astrogliosis and increased microgliosis, also linked to male sex, in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-020-00154-7 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon |
spellingShingle |
Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease npj Parkinson's Disease |
author_facet |
Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon |
author_sort |
Alicia Flores-Cuadrado |
title |
Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease |
title_short |
Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease |
title_full |
Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease |
title_fullStr |
Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease |
title_sort |
astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in parkinson’s disease |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
npj Parkinson's Disease |
issn |
2373-8057 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopathy. These pathological deposits have been correlated with neural loss in Nissl-stained material. However, microgliosis has rarely been studied, and astrogliosis has been virtually neglected. In the present report, α-synucleinopathy (α-synuclein), neurodegeneration (Neu-N), astrogliosis (GFAP), and microgliosis (Iba-1) were quantified, using specific markers and stereological methods. Disease, sex, age, disease duration, and post-mortem interval were considered variables for statistical analysis. No volumetric changes have been identified regarding disease or sex. α-Synucleinopathy was present throughout the OB, mainly concentrated on anterior olfactory nucleus. Neurodegeneration (reduction in Neu-N-positive cells) was statistically significant in the diseased group. Astrogliosis (increased GFAP labeling) and microgliosis (increased Iba-1 labeling) were significantly enhanced in the Parkinson’s disease group. When analyzed per sex, neurodegeneration and microgliosis differences are only present in men. These data constitute the demonstration of sex differences in neurodegeneration using specific neural markers, enhanced astrogliosis and increased microgliosis, also linked to male sex, in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-020-00154-7 |
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