Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Hormonal, Inflammatory, Genetic, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

• Main Authors: Mehri Jamilian, Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Naghmeh Mirhosseini, Elham Kavossian, Esmat Aghadavod, Fereshteh Bahmani, Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi, Mersedeh Kia, Tahereh Eftekhar, Elnaz Ayati, Mostafa Mahdavinia, Zatollah Asemi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-01
• Series: Frontiers in Endocrinology
• Subjects: melatonin; hormonal profiles; inflammatory markers; polycystic ovary syndrome; oxidative stress
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00273/full

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin administration on clinical, hormonal, inflammatory, and genetic parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods: The present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 56 patients with PCOS, aged 18–40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take either 5 mg melatonin supplements (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28) twice a day for 12 weeks.Results: Melatonin administration significantly reduced hirsutism (β −0.47; 95% CI, −0.86, −0.09; P = 0.01), serum total testosterone (β −0.11 ng/mL; 95% CI, −0.21, −0.02; P = 0.01), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β −0.61 mg/L; 95% CI, −0.95, −0.26; P = 0.001), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β −0.25 μmol/L; 95% CI, −0.38, −0.11; P < 0.001), and significantly increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 106.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, 62.87, 149.28; P < 0.001) and total glutathione (GSH) (β 81.05 μmol/L; 95% CI, 36.08, 126.03; P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Moreover, melatonin supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.01) compared with the placebo.Conclusions: Overall, melatonin administration for 12 weeks to women with PCOS significantly reduced hirsutism, total testosterone, hs-CRP, and MDA, while increasing TAC and GSH levels. In addition, melatonin administration reduced gene expression of IL-1 and TNF-α.Clinical Trial Registration:www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT2017082733941N9, Available online at: https://www.irct.ir/trial/26051