Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites
Members of the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes the species Plasmodium, Eimeria, Toxoplasma, and Babesia amongst others, are the most successful intracellular pathogens known to humankind. The widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance to most drugs used to date has sparked a great deal of...
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Series: | Journal of Parasitology Research |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852591 |
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doaj-f4f5025230254efe8f87caa5304aae082020-11-24T23:07:23ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Parasitology Research2090-00232090-00312012-01-01201210.1155/2012/852591852591Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan ParasitesSonja Frölich0Rolf Entzeroth1Michael Wallach2The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaInstitute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, GermanyThe ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaMembers of the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes the species Plasmodium, Eimeria, Toxoplasma, and Babesia amongst others, are the most successful intracellular pathogens known to humankind. The widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance to most drugs used to date has sparked a great deal of research and commercial interest in the development of vaccines as alternative control strategies. A few antigens from the asexual and sexual stages of apicomplexan development have been identified and their genes characterised; however, the fine cellular and molecular details of the effector mechanisms crucial for parasite inhibition and stimulation of protective immunity are still not entirely understood. This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about the protective immune response against the various types of apicomplexan parasites and focuses mainly on the similarities of these pathogens and their host interaction. Finally, the evolutionary relationships of these parasites and their hosts, as well as the modulation of immune functions that are critical in determining the outcome of the infection by these pathogenic organisms, are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852591 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sonja Frölich Rolf Entzeroth Michael Wallach |
spellingShingle |
Sonja Frölich Rolf Entzeroth Michael Wallach Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites Journal of Parasitology Research |
author_facet |
Sonja Frölich Rolf Entzeroth Michael Wallach |
author_sort |
Sonja Frölich |
title |
Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites |
title_short |
Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites |
title_full |
Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of Protective Immune Responses to Apicomplexan Parasites |
title_sort |
comparison of protective immune responses to apicomplexan parasites |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Journal of Parasitology Research |
issn |
2090-0023 2090-0031 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
Members of the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes the species Plasmodium, Eimeria, Toxoplasma, and Babesia amongst others, are the most successful intracellular pathogens known to humankind. The widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance to most drugs used to date has sparked a great deal of research and commercial interest in the development of vaccines as alternative control strategies. A few antigens from the asexual and sexual stages of apicomplexan development have been identified and their genes characterised; however, the fine cellular and molecular details of the effector mechanisms crucial for parasite inhibition and stimulation of protective immunity are still not entirely understood. This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about the protective immune response against the various types of apicomplexan parasites and focuses mainly on the similarities of these pathogens and their host interaction. Finally, the evolutionary relationships of these parasites and their hosts, as well as the modulation of immune functions that are critical in determining the outcome of the infection by these pathogenic organisms, are discussed. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852591 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sonjafrolich comparisonofprotectiveimmuneresponsestoapicomplexanparasites AT rolfentzeroth comparisonofprotectiveimmuneresponsestoapicomplexanparasites AT michaelwallach comparisonofprotectiveimmuneresponsestoapicomplexanparasites |
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