Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines
Vascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several components influence the occurrence of VC, among which inflammation. A novel uremic toxin, lanthionine, was shown to increase intracellular calcium in endothelial cells and m...
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doaj-f567d83098ac4dcb81adaa8e2802f3bd2021-07-15T15:37:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-01226875687510.3390/ijms22136875Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory CytokinesAlessandra Fortunata Perna0Luigi Russo1Vittoria D’Esposito2Pietro Formisano3Dario Bruzzese4Carmela Vigorito5Annapaola Coppola6Patrizia Lombari7Domenico Russo8Diego Ingrosso9First Division of Nephrology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDivision of Nephrology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University & CNR/IEOS, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University & CNR/IEOS, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, ItalyFirst Division of Nephrology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyFirst Division of Nephrology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDivision of Nephrology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyVascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several components influence the occurrence of VC, among which inflammation. A novel uremic toxin, lanthionine, was shown to increase intracellular calcium in endothelial cells and may have a role in VC. A group of CKD patients was selected and divided into patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Total Calcium Score (TCS), based on the Agatston score, was assessed as circulating lanthionine and a panel of different cytokines. A hemodialysis patient group was also considered. Lanthionine was elevated in CKD patients, and levels increased significantly in hemodialysis patients with respect to the two CKD groups; in addition, lanthionine increased along with the increase in TCS, starting from one up to three. Interleukin IL-6, IL-8, and Eotaxin were significantly increased in patients with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> with respect to those with GFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. IL-1b, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, Eotaxin, and VEGF increased in calcified patients with respect to the non-calcified. IL-8 and Eotaxin were elevated both in the low GFR group and in the calcified group. We propose that lanthionine, but also IL-8 and Eotaxin, in particular, are a key feature of VC of CKD, with possible marker significance.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6875vascular calcificationlanthioninecytokineshemodialysischronic kidney disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alessandra Fortunata Perna Luigi Russo Vittoria D’Esposito Pietro Formisano Dario Bruzzese Carmela Vigorito Annapaola Coppola Patrizia Lombari Domenico Russo Diego Ingrosso |
spellingShingle |
Alessandra Fortunata Perna Luigi Russo Vittoria D’Esposito Pietro Formisano Dario Bruzzese Carmela Vigorito Annapaola Coppola Patrizia Lombari Domenico Russo Diego Ingrosso Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines International Journal of Molecular Sciences vascular calcification lanthionine cytokines hemodialysis chronic kidney disease |
author_facet |
Alessandra Fortunata Perna Luigi Russo Vittoria D’Esposito Pietro Formisano Dario Bruzzese Carmela Vigorito Annapaola Coppola Patrizia Lombari Domenico Russo Diego Ingrosso |
author_sort |
Alessandra Fortunata Perna |
title |
Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
title_short |
Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
title_full |
Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
title_fullStr |
Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
title_sort |
lanthionine, a novel uremic toxin, in the vascular calcification of chronic kidney disease: the role of proinflammatory cytokines |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Vascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several components influence the occurrence of VC, among which inflammation. A novel uremic toxin, lanthionine, was shown to increase intracellular calcium in endothelial cells and may have a role in VC. A group of CKD patients was selected and divided into patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Total Calcium Score (TCS), based on the Agatston score, was assessed as circulating lanthionine and a panel of different cytokines. A hemodialysis patient group was also considered. Lanthionine was elevated in CKD patients, and levels increased significantly in hemodialysis patients with respect to the two CKD groups; in addition, lanthionine increased along with the increase in TCS, starting from one up to three. Interleukin IL-6, IL-8, and Eotaxin were significantly increased in patients with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> with respect to those with GFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. IL-1b, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, Eotaxin, and VEGF increased in calcified patients with respect to the non-calcified. IL-8 and Eotaxin were elevated both in the low GFR group and in the calcified group. We propose that lanthionine, but also IL-8 and Eotaxin, in particular, are a key feature of VC of CKD, with possible marker significance. |
topic |
vascular calcification lanthionine cytokines hemodialysis chronic kidney disease |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6875 |
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