Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils
Calcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) due to having high levels of free CaCO<sub>3</sub> and low organic matter. This has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)-based cro...
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doaj-f58739b09338429ebcea0111d4a8ee752021-04-30T23:02:14ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502021-04-01135037503710.3390/su13095037Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous SoilsRanjan Laik0Santosh Kumar Singh1Biswajit Pramanick2Vandana Kumari3Debabrata Nath4Eldessoky S. Dessoky5Attia O. Attia6Mohamed M. Hassan7Akbar Hossain8Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, BangladeshCalcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) due to having high levels of free CaCO<sub>3</sub> and low organic matter. This has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)-based cropping systems, B fertilization is essential for increasing crop productivity and the biofortification of the crop, thus a suitable soil application protocol for B fertilization is required for B-deficient soils. In a six-year experiment, different rates of B application, namely, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, were evaluated to determine the effects of three different modes of B fertilization, i.e., applied only in the first year, applied in alternating years, and applied every year, in a rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) cropping system. It was observed that the application of B at 1.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> every year or 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in alternate years resulted in the highest yield of rice and mustard, as well as the maximum system productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system. Application of 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of B in the initial year showed the maximum B uptake by rice, while application of 1.5–2.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of B every year resulted in the maximum B uptake by the mustard crop. Application of B at 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in alternate years or 1.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> every year was the best B-application protocol in B-deficient calcareous soils for ensuring the highest productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system and B availability in the soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/5037boron fractionsboron fertilizationboron transformationboron uptakerice–mustard system |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ranjan Laik Santosh Kumar Singh Biswajit Pramanick Vandana Kumari Debabrata Nath Eldessoky S. Dessoky Attia O. Attia Mohamed M. Hassan Akbar Hossain |
spellingShingle |
Ranjan Laik Santosh Kumar Singh Biswajit Pramanick Vandana Kumari Debabrata Nath Eldessoky S. Dessoky Attia O. Attia Mohamed M. Hassan Akbar Hossain Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils Sustainability boron fractions boron fertilization boron transformation boron uptake rice–mustard system |
author_facet |
Ranjan Laik Santosh Kumar Singh Biswajit Pramanick Vandana Kumari Debabrata Nath Eldessoky S. Dessoky Attia O. Attia Mohamed M. Hassan Akbar Hossain |
author_sort |
Ranjan Laik |
title |
Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils |
title_short |
Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils |
title_full |
Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils |
title_fullStr |
Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils |
title_sort |
improved method of boron fertilization in rice (<i>oryza sativa</i> l.)–mustard (<i>brassica juncea</i> l.) cropping system in upland calcareous soils |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Calcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) due to having high levels of free CaCO<sub>3</sub> and low organic matter. This has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)-based cropping systems, B fertilization is essential for increasing crop productivity and the biofortification of the crop, thus a suitable soil application protocol for B fertilization is required for B-deficient soils. In a six-year experiment, different rates of B application, namely, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, were evaluated to determine the effects of three different modes of B fertilization, i.e., applied only in the first year, applied in alternating years, and applied every year, in a rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) cropping system. It was observed that the application of B at 1.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> every year or 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in alternate years resulted in the highest yield of rice and mustard, as well as the maximum system productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system. Application of 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of B in the initial year showed the maximum B uptake by rice, while application of 1.5–2.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of B every year resulted in the maximum B uptake by the mustard crop. Application of B at 2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in alternate years or 1.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> every year was the best B-application protocol in B-deficient calcareous soils for ensuring the highest productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system and B availability in the soil. |
topic |
boron fractions boron fertilization boron transformation boron uptake rice–mustard system |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/5037 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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