Exercise training attenuates right ventricular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial stenosis

• Main Authors: Brunno Lemes, Stella Souza Vieira, Ednei Luiz Antonio, Luís Felipe Neves dos Santos, Leslie Andrews Portes, Regiane Santos Feliciano, Helenita Antonia Oliveira, Jose Antonio Silva, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Andrey Jorge Serra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-12-01
• Series: Frontiers in Physiology
• Subjects: cardiac hypertrophy; cardiac remodeling; exercise training; arterial pulmonary stenosis; right ventricular hypertrophy.
• Online Access: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2016.00541/full

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial stenosis (PAS) is a congenital defect that causes outflow tract obstruction of the right ventricle (RV). Currently, negative issues are reported in the PAS management: not all patients may be eligible to surgeries; there is often the need for another surgery during passage to adulthood; patients with mild stenosis may have later cardiac adverse repercussions. Thus, the search for approaches to counteract the long-term PAS effects showed to be a current target. At the study herein, we evaluated the cardioprotective role of exercise training in rats submitted to PAS for 9 weeks. Methods & Results: Exercise resulted in improved physical fitness and systolic RV function. Exercise also blunted concentric cavity changes, diastolic dysfunction, and fibrosis induced by PAS. Exercise additional benefits were also reported in a pro-survival signal, in which there were increased Akt1 activity and normalized myocardial apoptosis. These findings were accompanied by microRNA-1 downregulation and microRNA-21 upregulation. Moreover, exercise was associated with a higher myocardial abundance of the sarcomeric protein α-MHC and proteins that modulate calcium handling - ryanodine receptor and Serca 2, supporting the potential role of exercise in improving myocardial performance. Conclusion: Our results represent the first demonstration that exercise can attenuate the RV remodeling in an experimental PAS. The cardioprotective effects were associated with positive modulation of RV function, survival signaling pathway, apoptosis, and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial contractility.