Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host
Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are considered to be highly host-specific. To add to the knowledge about the evolution and development of bacteriophage speciation toward its host, we conducted a 21-day experiment with the broad host-range bacteriophage <i>Aquamicrobium&l...
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doaj-f6d5a210dd2b4aaca0ab423b883ac7132020-11-25T03:35:48ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-10-01121132113210.3390/v12101132Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its HostMarina de Leeuw0Maayan Baron1Oshrit Ben David2Ariel Kushmaro3Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er Sheva 8410501, IsraelBacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are considered to be highly host-specific. To add to the knowledge about the evolution and development of bacteriophage speciation toward its host, we conducted a 21-day experiment with the broad host-range bacteriophage <i>Aquamicrobium</i> phage P14. We incubated the phage, which was previously isolated and enriched with the Alphaproteobacteria <i>Aquamicrobium</i> H14, with the Betaproteobacteria <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. During the experiment, we observed an increase in the phage’s predation efficacy towards <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. Furthermore, genome analysis and the comparison of the bacteriophage’s whole genome indicated that rather than being scattered evenly along the genome, mutations occur in specific regions. In total, 67% of the mutations with a frequency higher than 30% were located in genes that encode tail proteins, which are essential for host recognition and attachment. As control, we incubated the phage with the Alphaproteobacteria <i>Aquamicrobium</i> H8. In both experiments, most of the mutations appeared in the gene encoding the tail fiber protein. However, mutations in the gene encoding the tail tubular protein B were only observed when the phage was incubated with <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. This highlights the phage’s tail as a key player in its adaptation to different hosts. We conclude that mutations in the phage’s genome were mainly located in tail-related regions. Further investigation is needed to fully characterize the adaptation mechanisms of the <i>Aquamicrobium </i>phage P14.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1132bacteriophagebacteriaevolutionmutationspeciationtubular protein B |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marina de Leeuw Maayan Baron Oshrit Ben David Ariel Kushmaro |
spellingShingle |
Marina de Leeuw Maayan Baron Oshrit Ben David Ariel Kushmaro Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host Viruses bacteriophage bacteria evolution mutation speciation tubular protein B |
author_facet |
Marina de Leeuw Maayan Baron Oshrit Ben David Ariel Kushmaro |
author_sort |
Marina de Leeuw |
title |
Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host |
title_short |
Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host |
title_full |
Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Insights into Bacteriophage Evolution toward Its Host |
title_sort |
molecular insights into bacteriophage evolution toward its host |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are considered to be highly host-specific. To add to the knowledge about the evolution and development of bacteriophage speciation toward its host, we conducted a 21-day experiment with the broad host-range bacteriophage <i>Aquamicrobium</i> phage P14. We incubated the phage, which was previously isolated and enriched with the Alphaproteobacteria <i>Aquamicrobium</i> H14, with the Betaproteobacteria <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. During the experiment, we observed an increase in the phage’s predation efficacy towards <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. Furthermore, genome analysis and the comparison of the bacteriophage’s whole genome indicated that rather than being scattered evenly along the genome, mutations occur in specific regions. In total, 67% of the mutations with a frequency higher than 30% were located in genes that encode tail proteins, which are essential for host recognition and attachment. As control, we incubated the phage with the Alphaproteobacteria <i>Aquamicrobium</i> H8. In both experiments, most of the mutations appeared in the gene encoding the tail fiber protein. However, mutations in the gene encoding the tail tubular protein B were only observed when the phage was incubated with <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> H5. This highlights the phage’s tail as a key player in its adaptation to different hosts. We conclude that mutations in the phage’s genome were mainly located in tail-related regions. Further investigation is needed to fully characterize the adaptation mechanisms of the <i>Aquamicrobium </i>phage P14. |
topic |
bacteriophage bacteria evolution mutation speciation tubular protein B |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1132 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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