Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water
High dam discharge can lead to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation in the downstream river, and fish in the TDG-supersaturated flow can suffer from bubble disease and even die. Consequently, it is of great value to study the transport and dissipation characteristics of supersaturated dissolved...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-06-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/13/2256 |
id |
doaj-f76f6bc33437489a81340b20a62ceb00 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-f76f6bc33437489a81340b20a62ceb002020-11-25T02:45:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012019-06-011613225610.3390/ijerph16132256ijerph16132256Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing WaterZhenhua Wang0Jingying Lu1Youquan Yuan2Yinghan Huang3Jingjie Feng4Ran Li5State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaPower China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaHigh dam discharge can lead to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation in the downstream river, and fish in the TDG-supersaturated flow can suffer from bubble disease and even die. Consequently, it is of great value to study the transport and dissipation characteristics of supersaturated dissolved gas for the protection of river fish. Floodplains may form downstream of high dams due to flood discharge, and the plants on these floodplains can affect both the hydraulic characteristics and TDG transport of the flowing water. In this study, the velocity distribution and the retention response time under different flow conditions and vegetation arrangements were studied in a series of experiments. The retention time was significantly extended by the presence of vegetation, and an empirical formula for calculating the retention time was proposed. In addition, the responses of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG to hydraulic factors, retention time, and vegetation area coefficient were analyzed. The dissipation of supersaturated TDG significantly increased with increases in the vegetation area coefficient in the water. To quantitatively describe the TDG dissipation process in TDG-supersaturated flow under the effect of vegetation, the TDG dissipation coefficient was fitted and analyzed. The basic form of the formula for the dissipation coefficient involving various influence factors was determined by dimensional analysis. An equation for calculating the TDG dissipation coefficient of flowing water with vegetation was proposed by multivariate nonlinear fitting and was proven to have great prediction accuracy. The calculated method developed in this paper can be used to predict TDG dissipation in flowing water with vegetation and is of great significance for enriching TDG prediction systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/13/2256supersaturated TDGvegetationretention timedissipation coefficientmitigation measures |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhenhua Wang Jingying Lu Youquan Yuan Yinghan Huang Jingjie Feng Ran Li |
spellingShingle |
Zhenhua Wang Jingying Lu Youquan Yuan Yinghan Huang Jingjie Feng Ran Li Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health supersaturated TDG vegetation retention time dissipation coefficient mitigation measures |
author_facet |
Zhenhua Wang Jingying Lu Youquan Yuan Yinghan Huang Jingjie Feng Ran Li |
author_sort |
Zhenhua Wang |
title |
Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water |
title_short |
Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water |
title_full |
Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water |
title_fullStr |
Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental Study on the Effects of Vegetation on the Dissipation of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Flowing Water |
title_sort |
experimental study on the effects of vegetation on the dissipation of supersaturated total dissolved gas in flowing water |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
High dam discharge can lead to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation in the downstream river, and fish in the TDG-supersaturated flow can suffer from bubble disease and even die. Consequently, it is of great value to study the transport and dissipation characteristics of supersaturated dissolved gas for the protection of river fish. Floodplains may form downstream of high dams due to flood discharge, and the plants on these floodplains can affect both the hydraulic characteristics and TDG transport of the flowing water. In this study, the velocity distribution and the retention response time under different flow conditions and vegetation arrangements were studied in a series of experiments. The retention time was significantly extended by the presence of vegetation, and an empirical formula for calculating the retention time was proposed. In addition, the responses of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG to hydraulic factors, retention time, and vegetation area coefficient were analyzed. The dissipation of supersaturated TDG significantly increased with increases in the vegetation area coefficient in the water. To quantitatively describe the TDG dissipation process in TDG-supersaturated flow under the effect of vegetation, the TDG dissipation coefficient was fitted and analyzed. The basic form of the formula for the dissipation coefficient involving various influence factors was determined by dimensional analysis. An equation for calculating the TDG dissipation coefficient of flowing water with vegetation was proposed by multivariate nonlinear fitting and was proven to have great prediction accuracy. The calculated method developed in this paper can be used to predict TDG dissipation in flowing water with vegetation and is of great significance for enriching TDG prediction systems. |
topic |
supersaturated TDG vegetation retention time dissipation coefficient mitigation measures |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/13/2256 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT zhenhuawang experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater AT jingyinglu experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater AT youquanyuan experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater AT yinghanhuang experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater AT jingjiefeng experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater AT ranli experimentalstudyontheeffectsofvegetationonthedissipationofsupersaturatedtotaldissolvedgasinflowingwater |
_version_ |
1724762101189181440 |