Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota
We performed a study to (i) investigate efficacy of an Escherichia coli/Salmonella spp./Listeria monocytogenes-targeting bacteriophage cocktail (tentatively named F.O.P.) to reduce a human pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7 in experimentally infected mice, and (ii) determine how bacteriophages impact...
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doaj-f825c6b75a844b87994b1e2b928007842020-11-25T00:57:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-09-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.01984469992Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut MicrobiotaUpuli Dissanayake0Upuli Dissanayake1Maria Ukhanova2Zachary Daniel Moye3Alexander Sulakvelidze4Volker Mai5Volker Mai6Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesLaboratory 300B, Department of Epidemiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesLaboratory 300B, Department of Epidemiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesIntralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, United StatesIntralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesLaboratory 300B, Department of Epidemiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesWe performed a study to (i) investigate efficacy of an Escherichia coli/Salmonella spp./Listeria monocytogenes-targeting bacteriophage cocktail (tentatively named F.O.P.) to reduce a human pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7 in experimentally infected mice, and (ii) determine how bacteriophages impact the normal gut microbiota when compared with antibiotic therapy. A total of 85 mice were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strain Ec231 [nalidixic acid resistant (NalAcR)] via oral gavage, and were randomized into six groups separated into three categories: 1st category received PBS or No phage/No PBS (control), 2nd category received either F.O.P., F.O.P. at 1:10 dilution, or only the E. coli phage component of F.O.P. (EcoShield PXTM), and 3rd category received the antibiotic ampicillin. All therapies were administered twice daily for four consecutive days including before and after bacterial challenge; except ampicillin which was administered only before and after bacterial challenge on day 0. Fecal samples were collected at Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10. Samples were homogenized and plated on LB plates supplemented with NalAc to determine viable Ec231 counts. Body weights were measured at every fecal sample collection point. qPCR was performed using specific E. coli O157:H7 primers to quantify the number of E. coli O157:H7 genome copies. Microbiota community profiles were analyzed using Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequencing. F.O.P. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 pathogen counts by 54%. Ampicillin therapy significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 pathogen counts by 79%. Greater initial weight-loss occurred in mice treated with ampicillin (−5.44%) compared to other treatment groups. No notable changes in the gut microbiota profiles were observed for control and F.O.P. groups. In contrast, the antibiotic group displayed noticeable distortion of the gut microbiota composition, only partially returning to normal by Day 10. In conclusion, we found that F.O.P. administration was effective in reducing viable E. coli O157:H7 in infected mice with a similar efficacy to ampicillin therapy. However, the F.O.P. bacteriophage preparation had less impact on the gut microbiota compared to ampicillin.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01984/fullbacteriophagephageE. colifoodborne diseasemicrobiome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Upuli Dissanayake Upuli Dissanayake Maria Ukhanova Zachary Daniel Moye Alexander Sulakvelidze Volker Mai Volker Mai |
spellingShingle |
Upuli Dissanayake Upuli Dissanayake Maria Ukhanova Zachary Daniel Moye Alexander Sulakvelidze Volker Mai Volker Mai Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota Frontiers in Microbiology bacteriophage phage E. coli foodborne disease microbiome |
author_facet |
Upuli Dissanayake Upuli Dissanayake Maria Ukhanova Zachary Daniel Moye Alexander Sulakvelidze Volker Mai Volker Mai |
author_sort |
Upuli Dissanayake |
title |
Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota |
title_short |
Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota |
title_full |
Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota |
title_fullStr |
Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota |
title_sort |
bacteriophages reduce pathogenic escherichia coli counts in mice without distorting gut microbiota |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
We performed a study to (i) investigate efficacy of an Escherichia coli/Salmonella spp./Listeria monocytogenes-targeting bacteriophage cocktail (tentatively named F.O.P.) to reduce a human pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7 in experimentally infected mice, and (ii) determine how bacteriophages impact the normal gut microbiota when compared with antibiotic therapy. A total of 85 mice were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strain Ec231 [nalidixic acid resistant (NalAcR)] via oral gavage, and were randomized into six groups separated into three categories: 1st category received PBS or No phage/No PBS (control), 2nd category received either F.O.P., F.O.P. at 1:10 dilution, or only the E. coli phage component of F.O.P. (EcoShield PXTM), and 3rd category received the antibiotic ampicillin. All therapies were administered twice daily for four consecutive days including before and after bacterial challenge; except ampicillin which was administered only before and after bacterial challenge on day 0. Fecal samples were collected at Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10. Samples were homogenized and plated on LB plates supplemented with NalAc to determine viable Ec231 counts. Body weights were measured at every fecal sample collection point. qPCR was performed using specific E. coli O157:H7 primers to quantify the number of E. coli O157:H7 genome copies. Microbiota community profiles were analyzed using Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequencing. F.O.P. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 pathogen counts by 54%. Ampicillin therapy significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 pathogen counts by 79%. Greater initial weight-loss occurred in mice treated with ampicillin (−5.44%) compared to other treatment groups. No notable changes in the gut microbiota profiles were observed for control and F.O.P. groups. In contrast, the antibiotic group displayed noticeable distortion of the gut microbiota composition, only partially returning to normal by Day 10. In conclusion, we found that F.O.P. administration was effective in reducing viable E. coli O157:H7 in infected mice with a similar efficacy to ampicillin therapy. However, the F.O.P. bacteriophage preparation had less impact on the gut microbiota compared to ampicillin. |
topic |
bacteriophage phage E. coli foodborne disease microbiome |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01984/full |
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