A scalable solution for isolating human multipotent clinical-grade neural stem cells from ES precursors

• Main Authors: Dasa Bohaciakova, Marian Hruska-Plochan, Rachel Tsunemoto, Wesley D. Gifford, Shawn P. Driscoll, Thomas D. Glenn, Stephanie Wu, Silvia Marsala, Michael Navarro, Takahiro Tadokoro, Stefan Juhas, Jana Juhasova, Oleksandr Platoshyn, David Piper, Vickie Sheckler, Dara Ditsworth, Samuel L. Pfaff, Martin Marsala
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2019-03-01
• Series: Stem Cell Research & Therapy
• Subjects: Human embryonic stem cell (hESC); Neural stem cell (NSC); Spinal cord; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Spinal traumatic injury; Bioinformatic tools to study xenografts
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-019-1163-7

Abstract Background A well-characterized method has not yet been established to reproducibly, efficiently, and safely isolate large numbers of clinical-grade multipotent human neural stem cells (hNSCs) from embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Consequently, the transplantation of neurogenic/gliogenic precursors into the CNS for the purpose of cell replacement or neuroprotection in humans with injury or disease has not achieved widespread testing and implementation. Methods Here, we establish an approach for the in vitro isolation of a highly expandable population of hNSCs using the manual selection of neural precursors based on their colony morphology (CoMo-NSC). The purity and NSC properties of established and extensively expanded CoMo-NSC were validated by expression of NSC markers (flow cytometry, mRNA sequencing), lack of pluripotent markers and by their tumorigenic/differentiation profile after in vivo spinal grafting in three different animal models, including (i) immunodeficient rats, (ii) immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or (iii) spinally injured immunosuppressed minipigs. Results In vitro analysis of established CoMo-NSCs showed a consistent expression of NSC markers (Sox1, Sox2, Nestin, CD24) with lack of pluripotent markers (Nanog) and stable karyotype for more than 15 passages. Gene profiling and histology revealed that spinally grafted CoMo-NSCs differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes over a 2–6-month period in vivo without forming neoplastic derivatives or abnormal structures. Moreover, transplanted CoMo-NSCs formed neurons with synaptic contacts and glia in a variety of host environments including immunodeficient rats, immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or spinally injured minipigs, indicating these cells have favorable safety and differentiation characteristics. Conclusions These data demonstrate that manually selected CoMo-NSCs represent a safe and expandable NSC population which can effectively be used in prospective human clinical cell replacement trials for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, stroke, spinal traumatic, or spinal ischemic injury.