The ADIPS Pilot National Diabetes in Pregnancy Benchmarking Programme

• Main Authors: Jincy Immanuel, Jeff Flack, Vincent W Wong, Lili Yuen, Carl Eagleton, Dorothy Graham, Janet Lagstrom, Louise Wolmarans, Michele Martin, Ngai Wah Cheung, Suja Padmanabhan, Victoria Rudland, Glynis Ross, Robert G Moses, Louise Maple-Brown, Ian Fulcher, Julie Chemmanam, Christopher J Nolan, Jeremy J N Oats, Arianne Sweeting, David Simmons
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: gestational diabetes mellitus; healthcare benchmarking; audit; pregnancy; type 1 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/4899
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

Background: To test the feasibility of benchmarking the care of women with pregnancies complicated by hyperglycaemia. Methods: A retrospective audit of volunteer diabetes services in Australia and New Zealand involving singleton pregnancies resulting in live births between 2014 and 2020. Ranges are shown and compared across services. Results: The audit included 10,144 pregnancies (gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) = 8696; type 1 diabetes (T1D) = 435; type 2 diabetes (T2D) = 1013) from 11 diabetes services. Among women with GDM, diet alone was used in 39.4% (ranging among centres from 28.8–57.3%), metformin alone in 18.8% (0.4–43.7%), and metformin and insulin in 10.1% (1.5–23.4%); when compared between sites, all <i>p</i> < 0.001. Birth was by elective caesarean in 12.1% (3.6–23.7%) or emergency caesarean in 9.5% (3.5–21.2%) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Preterm births (<37 weeks) ranged from 3.7% to 9.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), large for gestational age 10.3–26.7% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), admission to special care nursery 16.7–25.0% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and neonatal hypoglycaemia (<2.6 mmol/L) 6.0–27.0% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Many women with T1D and T2D had limited pregnancy planning including first trimester hyperglycaemia (HbA1c > 6.5% (48 mmol/mol)), 78.4% and 54.6%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Conclusion: Management of maternal hyperglycaemia and pregnancy outcomes varied significantly. The maintenance and extension of this benchmarking service provides opportunities to identify policy and clinical approaches to improve pregnancy outcomes among women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy.