Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.
BACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychol...
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doaj-f8c1411da32b4d7a97d4a9cd76d2e3832020-11-25T01:17:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0171e3071910.1371/journal.pone.0030719Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.Marianna VirtanenStephen A StansfeldRebecca FuhrerJane E FerrieMika KivimäkiBACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991-1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997-1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7-8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266289?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki |
spellingShingle |
Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki |
author_sort |
Marianna Virtanen |
title |
Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
title_short |
Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
title_full |
Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
title_fullStr |
Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
title_sort |
overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the whitehall ii study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991-1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997-1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7-8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266289?pdf=render |
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