Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice
Many studies have shown that Orthosiphon stamineus extract (OE) has antioxidant activity, and we previously reported that OE protects the intestine against injury from a high-fat diet. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of OE was unclear. Here, OE was separated accord...
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doaj-f8d17c2893dd4bd6b84698934b80b1652020-11-25T01:12:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-08-012417302710.3390/molecules24173027molecules24173027Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in MiceXuan Cai0Fan Yang1Lihui Zhu2Ye Xia3Qingyuan Wu4Huiqin Xue5Yonghong Lu6Shanghai Shenfeng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, ChinaBiology Department, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University,100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, ChinaBiology Department, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University,100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaShanghai Shenfeng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, ChinaShanghai Shenfeng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, ChinaMany studies have shown that Orthosiphon stamineus extract (OE) has antioxidant activity, and we previously reported that OE protects the intestine against injury from a high-fat diet. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of OE was unclear. Here, OE was separated according to polarity and molecular weight, and the antioxidant activity of each component was compared. The components with the highest antioxidant activity were analyzed by HPLC, which confirmed that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the main effective constituent in OE. OE and RA were then tested in a mouse high-fat diet-induced intestinal injury model. The antioxidant indices and morphological characteristics of the mouse jejunum were measured, and activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and apoptosis of jejunal epithelial cells were analyzed. Of all the constituents in OE, RA contributed the most. Both RA and OE activated the Nrf2 pathway and increased downstream antioxidant enzyme activity. RA and OE protected the mouse intestine against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress by preventing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Thus, RA, the main effective constituent in OE, inhibits intestinal epithelial apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway in mice.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/17/3027antioxidantsapoptosisorthosiphon stamineusrosmarinic acidNrf2 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xuan Cai Fan Yang Lihui Zhu Ye Xia Qingyuan Wu Huiqin Xue Yonghong Lu |
spellingShingle |
Xuan Cai Fan Yang Lihui Zhu Ye Xia Qingyuan Wu Huiqin Xue Yonghong Lu Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice Molecules antioxidants apoptosis orthosiphon stamineus rosmarinic acid Nrf2 |
author_facet |
Xuan Cai Fan Yang Lihui Zhu Ye Xia Qingyuan Wu Huiqin Xue Yonghong Lu |
author_sort |
Xuan Cai |
title |
Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice |
title_short |
Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice |
title_full |
Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice |
title_fullStr |
Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice |
title_sort |
rosmarinic acid, the main effective constituent of orthosiphon stamineus, inhibits intestinal epithelial apoptosis via regulation of the nrf2 pathway in mice |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
Many studies have shown that Orthosiphon stamineus extract (OE) has antioxidant activity, and we previously reported that OE protects the intestine against injury from a high-fat diet. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of OE was unclear. Here, OE was separated according to polarity and molecular weight, and the antioxidant activity of each component was compared. The components with the highest antioxidant activity were analyzed by HPLC, which confirmed that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the main effective constituent in OE. OE and RA were then tested in a mouse high-fat diet-induced intestinal injury model. The antioxidant indices and morphological characteristics of the mouse jejunum were measured, and activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and apoptosis of jejunal epithelial cells were analyzed. Of all the constituents in OE, RA contributed the most. Both RA and OE activated the Nrf2 pathway and increased downstream antioxidant enzyme activity. RA and OE protected the mouse intestine against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress by preventing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Thus, RA, the main effective constituent in OE, inhibits intestinal epithelial apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway in mice. |
topic |
antioxidants apoptosis orthosiphon stamineus rosmarinic acid Nrf2 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/17/3027 |
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