Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease
It is well-known that, beyond nutritional components, human breast milk (HBM) contains a wide variety of non-nutritive bio-factors perfectly suited for the growing infant. In the pre-2000 era, HBM was considered sterile and devoid of micro-organisms. Though HBM was not included as part of the human...
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doaj-f8fdfd9c3d70478faed695b786e9610a2020-11-25T02:17:55ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-11-011011164310.3390/nu10111643nu10111643Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and DiseaseAnna Ojo-Okunola0Mark Nicol1Elloise du Toit2Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaIt is well-known that, beyond nutritional components, human breast milk (HBM) contains a wide variety of non-nutritive bio-factors perfectly suited for the growing infant. In the pre-2000 era, HBM was considered sterile and devoid of micro-organisms. Though HBM was not included as part of the human microbiome project launched in 2007, great strides have been made in studying the bacterial diversity of HBM in both a healthy state and diseased state, and in understanding their role in infant health. HBM provides a vast array of beneficial micro-organisms that play a key role in colonizing the infant’s mucosal system, including that of the gut. They also have a role in priming the infant’s immune system and supporting its maturation. In this review, we provide an in-depth and updated insight into the immunomodulatory, metabolic, and anti-infective role of HBM bacteriome (bacterial community) and its effect on infant health. We also provide key information from the literature by exploring the possible origin of microbial communities in HBM, the bacterial diversity in this niche and the determinants influencing the HBM bacteriome. Lastly, we investigate the role of the HBM bacteriome in maternal infectious disease (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mastitis)), and cancer. Key gaps in HBM bacterial research are also identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1643bacteriomehuman breast milkbacterial communitymastitishuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)cancer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anna Ojo-Okunola Mark Nicol Elloise du Toit |
spellingShingle |
Anna Ojo-Okunola Mark Nicol Elloise du Toit Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease Nutrients bacteriome human breast milk bacterial community mastitis human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cancer |
author_facet |
Anna Ojo-Okunola Mark Nicol Elloise du Toit |
author_sort |
Anna Ojo-Okunola |
title |
Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease |
title_short |
Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease |
title_full |
Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease |
title_fullStr |
Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Human Breast Milk Bacteriome in Health and Disease |
title_sort |
human breast milk bacteriome in health and disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
It is well-known that, beyond nutritional components, human breast milk (HBM) contains a wide variety of non-nutritive bio-factors perfectly suited for the growing infant. In the pre-2000 era, HBM was considered sterile and devoid of micro-organisms. Though HBM was not included as part of the human microbiome project launched in 2007, great strides have been made in studying the bacterial diversity of HBM in both a healthy state and diseased state, and in understanding their role in infant health. HBM provides a vast array of beneficial micro-organisms that play a key role in colonizing the infant’s mucosal system, including that of the gut. They also have a role in priming the infant’s immune system and supporting its maturation. In this review, we provide an in-depth and updated insight into the immunomodulatory, metabolic, and anti-infective role of HBM bacteriome (bacterial community) and its effect on infant health. We also provide key information from the literature by exploring the possible origin of microbial communities in HBM, the bacterial diversity in this niche and the determinants influencing the HBM bacteriome. Lastly, we investigate the role of the HBM bacteriome in maternal infectious disease (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mastitis)), and cancer. Key gaps in HBM bacterial research are also identified. |
topic |
bacteriome human breast milk bacterial community mastitis human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cancer |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1643 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT annaojookunola humanbreastmilkbacteriomeinhealthanddisease AT marknicol humanbreastmilkbacteriomeinhealthanddisease AT elloisedutoit humanbreastmilkbacteriomeinhealthanddisease |
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