Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts
Female pigs nursing their first litter (first-parity gilts) have increased energy requirements not only to support their piglets, but they themselves are still maturing. Non-targeted plasma metabolomics were used to investigate the differences between 1) post-farrowing and weaning (early or late lac...
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doaj-f926fb527e094e1da1f1832c3fc47cda2020-11-24T21:40:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2016-11-01310.3389/fmolb.2016.00077229643Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation giltsLea A Rempel0Jeremy R Miles1William T Oliver2Corey D Broeckling3United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterUSDA, ARS, USMARCColorado State UniversityFemale pigs nursing their first litter (first-parity gilts) have increased energy requirements not only to support their piglets, but they themselves are still maturing. Non-targeted plasma metabolomics were used to investigate the differences between 1) post-farrowing and weaning (early or late lactation), 2) degree of body condition loss after lactation (extreme or minimal), and 3) interactions; to potentially identify compounds or pathways that could aide in alleviating energetic demands of lactation in gilts. Twenty first-parity gilts were selected with similar (P ≥ 0.4475) number of piglets born and nursed, and similar (P ≥ 0.3141) body condition traits (e.g. body weight and backfat thickness) post-farrowing, yet exhibited minimal or extreme loss (P ≤ 0.0094) in body weight (8.6 ± 1.48 kg and 26.1 ± 1.90 kg, respectively) and backfat thickness (1.3 ± 0.67 mm and 4.7 ± 0.86 mm, respectively) following lactation (weaning). Plasma samples from first-parity gilts at post-farrowing and weaning were investigated using UPLC-MS and GC-MS to generate a comprehensive metabolic profile. Each approach yielded approximately 700 detected compounds. An ANOVA was performed on each detected compound in R for time of collection, body condition change, and the interaction, followed by a false discovery correction. Two unknown compounds were different (P ≤ 0.05) for extreme versus minimal body condition change. Several compound differences (P ≤ 0.05) were identified between post-farrowing and weaning. Thirty-two compounds detected by UPLC-MS had at least a log2 fold-change of ±1.0 while only 18 compounds had a log2 fold-change of ±0.6 for the significant GC-MS compounds. Annotation implicated various metabolic pathways. Creatinine was greater at weaning (P = 0.0224) and others have reported increased serum concentrations of creatinine in response to body weight loss. Hippurate and caprolactam, associated with protein catabolism, were also greater (P ≤ 0.0166) at weaning. Phospholipid compounds (P ≤ 0.0347) and inositol-related compounds (P ≤ 0.0236) were also greater at weaning. Inositol compounds may exert insulin-like effects. The energetic demands of lactation in gilts nursing their first litter indicated a greater difference exists between early and late lactation regardless of body condition loss.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00077/fullLactationMetabolomicsPlasmaLC-MSpigsGC-MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lea A Rempel Jeremy R Miles William T Oliver Corey D Broeckling |
spellingShingle |
Lea A Rempel Jeremy R Miles William T Oliver Corey D Broeckling Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Lactation Metabolomics Plasma LC-MS pigs GC-MS |
author_facet |
Lea A Rempel Jeremy R Miles William T Oliver Corey D Broeckling |
author_sort |
Lea A Rempel |
title |
Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
title_short |
Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
title_full |
Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
title_fullStr |
Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
title_sort |
non-targeted plasma metabolome of early and late lactation gilts |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
issn |
2296-889X |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
Female pigs nursing their first litter (first-parity gilts) have increased energy requirements not only to support their piglets, but they themselves are still maturing. Non-targeted plasma metabolomics were used to investigate the differences between 1) post-farrowing and weaning (early or late lactation), 2) degree of body condition loss after lactation (extreme or minimal), and 3) interactions; to potentially identify compounds or pathways that could aide in alleviating energetic demands of lactation in gilts. Twenty first-parity gilts were selected with similar (P ≥ 0.4475) number of piglets born and nursed, and similar (P ≥ 0.3141) body condition traits (e.g. body weight and backfat thickness) post-farrowing, yet exhibited minimal or extreme loss (P ≤ 0.0094) in body weight (8.6 ± 1.48 kg and 26.1 ± 1.90 kg, respectively) and backfat thickness (1.3 ± 0.67 mm and 4.7 ± 0.86 mm, respectively) following lactation (weaning). Plasma samples from first-parity gilts at post-farrowing and weaning were investigated using UPLC-MS and GC-MS to generate a comprehensive metabolic profile. Each approach yielded approximately 700 detected compounds. An ANOVA was performed on each detected compound in R for time of collection, body condition change, and the interaction, followed by a false discovery correction. Two unknown compounds were different (P ≤ 0.05) for extreme versus minimal body condition change. Several compound differences (P ≤ 0.05) were identified between post-farrowing and weaning. Thirty-two compounds detected by UPLC-MS had at least a log2 fold-change of ±1.0 while only 18 compounds had a log2 fold-change of ±0.6 for the significant GC-MS compounds. Annotation implicated various metabolic pathways. Creatinine was greater at weaning (P = 0.0224) and others have reported increased serum concentrations of creatinine in response to body weight loss. Hippurate and caprolactam, associated with protein catabolism, were also greater (P ≤ 0.0166) at weaning. Phospholipid compounds (P ≤ 0.0347) and inositol-related compounds (P ≤ 0.0236) were also greater at weaning. Inositol compounds may exert insulin-like effects. The energetic demands of lactation in gilts nursing their first litter indicated a greater difference exists between early and late lactation regardless of body condition loss. |
topic |
Lactation Metabolomics Plasma LC-MS pigs GC-MS |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00077/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT leaarempel nontargetedplasmametabolomeofearlyandlatelactationgilts AT jeremyrmiles nontargetedplasmametabolomeofearlyandlatelactationgilts AT williamtoliver nontargetedplasmametabolomeofearlyandlatelactationgilts AT coreydbroeckling nontargetedplasmametabolomeofearlyandlatelactationgilts |
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