A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process
It is important to conduct research on the soil freeze–thaw process because concurrent adverse effects always occur during this process and can cause serious damage to engineering structures. In this paper, the variation of the impedance signature and the stress wave signal at different te...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-03-01
|
Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1107 |
id |
doaj-f9d2cf5744b4425492a25d4917a9cfe3 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-f9d2cf5744b4425492a25d4917a9cfe32020-11-25T02:18:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-03-01195110710.3390/s19051107s19051107A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw ProcessJicheng Zhang0Chuan Zhang1Jiahao Xiao2Jinwei Jiang3School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaSchool of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, ChinaSmart Material and Structure Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USAIt is important to conduct research on the soil freeze–thaw process because concurrent adverse effects always occur during this process and can cause serious damage to engineering structures. In this paper, the variation of the impedance signature and the stress wave signal at different temperatures was monitored by using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers through the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method and the active sensing method. Three piezoceramic-based smart aggregates were used in this research. Among them, two smart aggregates were used for the active sensing method, through which one works as an actuator to emit the stress wave signal and the other one works as a sensor to receive the signal. In addition, another smart aggregate was employed for the EMI testing, in which it serves as both an actuator and a receiver to monitor the impedance signature. The trend of the impedance signature with variation of the temperature during the soil freeze–thaw process was obtained. Moreover, the relationship between the energy index of the stress wave signal and the soil temperature was established based on wavelet packet energy analysis. The results demonstrate that the piezoceramic-based electromechanical impedance method is reliable for monitoring the soil freezing and thawing process.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1107Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)smart aggregatessoil freeze–thaw processelectro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jicheng Zhang Chuan Zhang Jiahao Xiao Jinwei Jiang |
spellingShingle |
Jicheng Zhang Chuan Zhang Jiahao Xiao Jinwei Jiang A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process Sensors Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) smart aggregates soil freeze–thaw process electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method |
author_facet |
Jicheng Zhang Chuan Zhang Jiahao Xiao Jinwei Jiang |
author_sort |
Jicheng Zhang |
title |
A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process |
title_short |
A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process |
title_full |
A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process |
title_fullStr |
A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process |
title_full_unstemmed |
A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process |
title_sort |
pzt-based electromechanical impedance method for monitoring the soil freeze–thaw process |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
It is important to conduct research on the soil freeze–thaw process because concurrent adverse effects always occur during this process and can cause serious damage to engineering structures. In this paper, the variation of the impedance signature and the stress wave signal at different temperatures was monitored by using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers through the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method and the active sensing method. Three piezoceramic-based smart aggregates were used in this research. Among them, two smart aggregates were used for the active sensing method, through which one works as an actuator to emit the stress wave signal and the other one works as a sensor to receive the signal. In addition, another smart aggregate was employed for the EMI testing, in which it serves as both an actuator and a receiver to monitor the impedance signature. The trend of the impedance signature with variation of the temperature during the soil freeze–thaw process was obtained. Moreover, the relationship between the energy index of the stress wave signal and the soil temperature was established based on wavelet packet energy analysis. The results demonstrate that the piezoceramic-based electromechanical impedance method is reliable for monitoring the soil freezing and thawing process. |
topic |
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) smart aggregates soil freeze–thaw process electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1107 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jichengzhang apztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT chuanzhang apztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT jiahaoxiao apztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT jinweijiang apztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT jichengzhang pztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT chuanzhang pztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT jiahaoxiao pztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess AT jinweijiang pztbasedelectromechanicalimpedancemethodformonitoringthesoilfreezethawprocess |
_version_ |
1724881103297183744 |