Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia

<p>Isoprene fluxes vary seasonally with changes in environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation and temperature) and biological factors (e.g., leaf phenology). However, our understanding of the seasonal patterns of isoprene fluxes and the associated mechanistic controls is still limited, es...

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Main Authors: E. G. Alves, J. Tóta, A. Turnipseed, A. B. Guenther, J. O. W. Vega Bustillos, R. A. Santana, G. G. Cirino, J. V. Tavares, A. P. Lopes, B. W. Nelson, R. A. de Souza, D. Gu, T. Stavrakou, D. K. Adams, J. Wu, S. Saleska, A. O. Manzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2018-07-01
Series:Biogeosciences
Online Access:https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/4019/2018/bg-15-4019-2018.pdf
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author E. G. Alves
J. Tóta
A. Turnipseed
A. B. Guenther
J. O. W. Vega Bustillos
R. A. Santana
G. G. Cirino
J. V. Tavares
A. P. Lopes
B. W. Nelson
R. A. de Souza
D. Gu
T. Stavrakou
D. K. Adams
J. Wu
S. Saleska
A. O. Manzi
spellingShingle E. G. Alves
J. Tóta
A. Turnipseed
A. B. Guenther
J. O. W. Vega Bustillos
R. A. Santana
G. G. Cirino
J. V. Tavares
A. P. Lopes
B. W. Nelson
R. A. de Souza
D. Gu
T. Stavrakou
D. K. Adams
J. Wu
S. Saleska
A. O. Manzi
Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
Biogeosciences
author_facet E. G. Alves
J. Tóta
A. Turnipseed
A. B. Guenther
J. O. W. Vega Bustillos
R. A. Santana
G. G. Cirino
J. V. Tavares
A. P. Lopes
B. W. Nelson
R. A. de Souza
D. Gu
T. Stavrakou
D. K. Adams
J. Wu
S. Saleska
A. O. Manzi
author_sort E. G. Alves
title Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
title_short Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
title_full Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
title_fullStr Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
title_full_unstemmed Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazonia
title_sort leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central amazonia
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Biogeosciences
issn 1726-4170
1726-4189
publishDate 2018-07-01
description <p>Isoprene fluxes vary seasonally with changes in environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation and temperature) and biological factors (e.g., leaf phenology). However, our understanding of the seasonal patterns of isoprene fluxes and the associated mechanistic controls is still limited, especially in Amazonian evergreen forests. In this paper, we aim to connect intensive, field-based measurements of canopy isoprene flux over a central Amazonian evergreen forest site with meteorological observations and with tower-mounted camera leaf phenology to improve our understanding of patterns and causes of isoprene flux seasonality. Our results demonstrate that the highest isoprene emissions are observed during the dry and dry-to-wet transition seasons, whereas the lowest emissions were found during the wet-to-dry transition season. Our results also indicate that light and temperature cannot totally explain isoprene flux seasonality. Instead, the camera-derived leaf area index (LAI) of recently mature leaf age class (e.g., leaf ages of 3–5 months) exhibits the highest correlation with observed isoprene flux seasonality (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.59, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Attempting to better represent leaf phenology in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN 2.1), we improved the leaf age algorithm by utilizing results from the camera-derived leaf phenology that provided LAI categorized into three different leaf ages. The model results show that the observations of age-dependent isoprene emission capacity, in conjunction with camera-derived leaf age demography, significantly improved simulations in terms of seasonal variations in isoprene fluxes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.52, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This study highlights the importance of accounting for differences in isoprene emission capacity across canopy leaf age classes and identifying forest adaptive mechanisms that underlie seasonal variation in isoprene emissions in Amazonia.</p>
url https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/4019/2018/bg-15-4019-2018.pdf
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spelling doaj-f9dafc79ef1443d79319af2cd379d3a92020-11-24T20:41:30ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892018-07-01154019403210.5194/bg-15-4019-2018Leaf phenology as one important driver of seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central AmazoniaE. G. Alves0J. Tóta1A. Turnipseed2A. B. Guenther3J. O. W. Vega Bustillos4R. A. Santana5G. G. Cirino6J. V. Tavares7A. P. Lopes8B. W. Nelson9R. A. de Souza10D. Gu11T. Stavrakou12D. K. Adams13J. Wu14S. Saleska15A. O. Manzi16Department of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, CEP 69067-375, Manaus-AM, BrazilInstitute of Engineering and Geoscience, Federal University of West Para (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz s/n, CEP 68035-110, Santarem-PA, Brazil2B Technologies, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Boulder, CO 80301, USADepartment of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USAChemistry and Environment Center, National Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo-SP, BrazilInstitute of Engineering and Geoscience, Federal University of West Para (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz s/n, CEP 68035-110, Santarem-PA, BrazilDepartment of Meteorology, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA 66075-110, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, CEP 69067-375, Manaus-AM, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, CEP 69067-375, Manaus-AM, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, CEP 69067-375, Manaus-AM, BrazilMeteorology Department, State University of Amazonas (UEA), Av. Darcy Vargas 1200, CEP 69050-020, Manaus-AM, BrazilDepartment of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USARoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Avenue Circulaire 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumCentro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico city, Federal District, MexicoDepartment of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USAEcology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Arizona, Cherry Avenue and University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USANational Institute for Spatial Research, Center of Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, Rod. Presidente Dutra, km 40, Cachoeira Paulista-SP, Brazil<p>Isoprene fluxes vary seasonally with changes in environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation and temperature) and biological factors (e.g., leaf phenology). However, our understanding of the seasonal patterns of isoprene fluxes and the associated mechanistic controls is still limited, especially in Amazonian evergreen forests. In this paper, we aim to connect intensive, field-based measurements of canopy isoprene flux over a central Amazonian evergreen forest site with meteorological observations and with tower-mounted camera leaf phenology to improve our understanding of patterns and causes of isoprene flux seasonality. Our results demonstrate that the highest isoprene emissions are observed during the dry and dry-to-wet transition seasons, whereas the lowest emissions were found during the wet-to-dry transition season. Our results also indicate that light and temperature cannot totally explain isoprene flux seasonality. Instead, the camera-derived leaf area index (LAI) of recently mature leaf age class (e.g., leaf ages of 3–5 months) exhibits the highest correlation with observed isoprene flux seasonality (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.59, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Attempting to better represent leaf phenology in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN 2.1), we improved the leaf age algorithm by utilizing results from the camera-derived leaf phenology that provided LAI categorized into three different leaf ages. The model results show that the observations of age-dependent isoprene emission capacity, in conjunction with camera-derived leaf age demography, significantly improved simulations in terms of seasonal variations in isoprene fluxes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.52, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This study highlights the importance of accounting for differences in isoprene emission capacity across canopy leaf age classes and identifying forest adaptive mechanisms that underlie seasonal variation in isoprene emissions in Amazonia.</p>https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/4019/2018/bg-15-4019-2018.pdf