Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodeg...
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doaj-f9f804b96bf343cd843450b17bc265a52020-11-25T03:25:49ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-07-01960960910.3390/antiox9070609Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological DisordersAmjad Khan0Muhammad Ikram1Jong Ryeal Hahm2Myeong Ok Kim3Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDivision of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDivision of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaNeurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and<i> </i>in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/7/609hesperetinneurodegenerationneuroprotectionAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Amjad Khan Muhammad Ikram Jong Ryeal Hahm Myeong Ok Kim |
spellingShingle |
Amjad Khan Muhammad Ikram Jong Ryeal Hahm Myeong Ok Kim Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders Antioxidants hesperetin neurodegeneration neuroprotection Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease |
author_facet |
Amjad Khan Muhammad Ikram Jong Ryeal Hahm Myeong Ok Kim |
author_sort |
Amjad Khan |
title |
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders |
title_short |
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders |
title_full |
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders |
title_fullStr |
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Citrus </i>Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders |
title_sort |
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of <i>citrus </i>flavonoid hesperetin: special focus on neurological disorders |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antioxidants |
issn |
2076-3921 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and<i> </i>in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models. |
topic |
hesperetin neurodegeneration neuroprotection Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/7/609 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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