Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MA...
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doaj-fa4c5297827046a086ef65f6ace52f232020-12-23T07:11:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-12-01710.3389/fvets.2020.572724572724Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease ProcessMarco Roller0Marco Roller1Marco Roller2Sören Hansen3Tobias Knauf-Witzens4Walter M. R. Oelemann5Walter M. R. Oelemann6Claus-Peter Czerny7Ahmed Abd El Wahed8Ralph Goethe9Zoological-Botanical Gardens Wilhelma, Stuttgart, GermanyDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyZoological-Botanical Gardens Wilhelma, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, GermanyMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MAP can also infect non-ruminant animal species with less specific signs. Zoological gardens harbor various populations of diverse animal species, which are managed on limited space at higher than natural densities. Hence, they are predisposed to endemic trans-species pathogen distribution. Information about the incidence and prevalence of MAP infections in zoological gardens and the resulting potential threat to exotic and endangered species are rare. Due to unclear pathogenesis, chronicity of disease as well as the unknown cross-species accuracy of diagnostic tests, diagnosis and surveillance of MAP and ParaTB is challenging. Differentiation between uninfected shedders of ingested bacteria; subclinically infected individuals; and preclinically diseased animals, which may subsequently develop clinical signs after long incubation periods, is crucial for the interpretation of positive test results in animals and the resulting consequences in their management. This review summarizes published data from the current literature on occurrence of MAP infection and disease in susceptible and affected zoo animal species as well as the applied diagnostic methods and measures. Clinical signs indicative for ParaTB, pathological findings and reports on detection, transmission and epidemiology in zoo animals are included. Furthermore, case reports were re-evaluated for incorporation into accepted consistent terminologies and case definitions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.572724/fullMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisMAPparatuberculosisJohne's diseasezoo animalsruminats |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marco Roller Marco Roller Marco Roller Sören Hansen Tobias Knauf-Witzens Walter M. R. Oelemann Walter M. R. Oelemann Claus-Peter Czerny Ahmed Abd El Wahed Ralph Goethe |
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Marco Roller Marco Roller Marco Roller Sören Hansen Tobias Knauf-Witzens Walter M. R. Oelemann Walter M. R. Oelemann Claus-Peter Czerny Ahmed Abd El Wahed Ralph Goethe Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process Frontiers in Veterinary Science Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis MAP paratuberculosis Johne's disease zoo animals ruminats |
author_facet |
Marco Roller Marco Roller Marco Roller Sören Hansen Tobias Knauf-Witzens Walter M. R. Oelemann Walter M. R. Oelemann Claus-Peter Czerny Ahmed Abd El Wahed Ralph Goethe |
author_sort |
Marco Roller |
title |
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process |
title_short |
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process |
title_full |
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process |
title_fullStr |
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process |
title_sort |
mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in zoo animals: a review of susceptibility and disease process |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
issn |
2297-1769 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MAP can also infect non-ruminant animal species with less specific signs. Zoological gardens harbor various populations of diverse animal species, which are managed on limited space at higher than natural densities. Hence, they are predisposed to endemic trans-species pathogen distribution. Information about the incidence and prevalence of MAP infections in zoological gardens and the resulting potential threat to exotic and endangered species are rare. Due to unclear pathogenesis, chronicity of disease as well as the unknown cross-species accuracy of diagnostic tests, diagnosis and surveillance of MAP and ParaTB is challenging. Differentiation between uninfected shedders of ingested bacteria; subclinically infected individuals; and preclinically diseased animals, which may subsequently develop clinical signs after long incubation periods, is crucial for the interpretation of positive test results in animals and the resulting consequences in their management. This review summarizes published data from the current literature on occurrence of MAP infection and disease in susceptible and affected zoo animal species as well as the applied diagnostic methods and measures. Clinical signs indicative for ParaTB, pathological findings and reports on detection, transmission and epidemiology in zoo animals are included. Furthermore, case reports were re-evaluated for incorporation into accepted consistent terminologies and case definitions. |
topic |
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis MAP paratuberculosis Johne's disease zoo animals ruminats |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.572724/full |
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