Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype
Root exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall plant functioning. Yet, there is a major gap in our knowledge in translating plant root exudation in artificial systems (i.e., hydroponics, sterile media) to crops, specific...
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doaj-faa65627dfdb409f9959a14552d4c9332020-11-25T02:12:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-01-0120243110.3390/ijms20020431ijms20020431Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum GenotypeSarah B. Miller0Adam L. Heuberger1Corey D. Broeckling2Courtney E. Jahn3Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAHorticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAProteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USABioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USARoot exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall plant functioning. Yet, there is a major gap in our knowledge in translating plant root exudation in artificial systems (i.e., hydroponics, sterile media) to crops, specifically for soils expected in field conditions. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) root exudation was determined using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics to evaluate variation in exudate composition of two sorghum genotypes among three substrates (sand, clay, and soil). Above and belowground plant traits were measured to determine the interaction between sorghum genotype and belowground substrate. Plant growth and quantitative exudate composition were found to vary largely by substrate. Two types of changes to rhizosphere metabolites were observed: rhizosphere-enhanced metabolites (REMs) and rhizosphere-abated metabolites (RAMs). More REMs and RAMs were detected in sand and clay substrates compared to the soil substrate. This study demonstrates that belowground substrate influences the root exudate profile in sorghum, and that two sorghum genotypes exuded metabolites at different magnitudes. However, metabolite identification remains a major bottleneck in non-targeted metabolite profiling of the rhizosphere.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/2/431GC-MS, LC-MS, metabolomics, root exudate, rhizosphere, sorghum |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sarah B. Miller Adam L. Heuberger Corey D. Broeckling Courtney E. Jahn |
spellingShingle |
Sarah B. Miller Adam L. Heuberger Corey D. Broeckling Courtney E. Jahn Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype International Journal of Molecular Sciences GC-MS, LC-MS, metabolomics, root exudate, rhizosphere, sorghum |
author_facet |
Sarah B. Miller Adam L. Heuberger Corey D. Broeckling Courtney E. Jahn |
author_sort |
Sarah B. Miller |
title |
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype |
title_short |
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype |
title_full |
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype |
title_fullStr |
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype |
title_sort |
non-targeted metabolomics reveals sorghum rhizosphere-associated exudates are influenced by the belowground interaction of substrate and sorghum genotype |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
Root exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall plant functioning. Yet, there is a major gap in our knowledge in translating plant root exudation in artificial systems (i.e., hydroponics, sterile media) to crops, specifically for soils expected in field conditions. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) root exudation was determined using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics to evaluate variation in exudate composition of two sorghum genotypes among three substrates (sand, clay, and soil). Above and belowground plant traits were measured to determine the interaction between sorghum genotype and belowground substrate. Plant growth and quantitative exudate composition were found to vary largely by substrate. Two types of changes to rhizosphere metabolites were observed: rhizosphere-enhanced metabolites (REMs) and rhizosphere-abated metabolites (RAMs). More REMs and RAMs were detected in sand and clay substrates compared to the soil substrate. This study demonstrates that belowground substrate influences the root exudate profile in sorghum, and that two sorghum genotypes exuded metabolites at different magnitudes. However, metabolite identification remains a major bottleneck in non-targeted metabolite profiling of the rhizosphere. |
topic |
GC-MS, LC-MS, metabolomics, root exudate, rhizosphere, sorghum |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/2/431 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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