Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. In immunocompetent patients, cryptococcal infection is often confined to the lungs. In immunocompromised individuals, C. neoformans may cause life-threatening illness, either from novel exposure or through reactivation...
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doaj-fb1c05592a6943d2baea81d89167d6782020-11-25T00:31:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2019-06-01610.3389/fmed.2019.00129454154Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformansDebora Decote-Ricardo0Isabel Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas1Juliana Dutra B. Rocha2Danielle O. Nascimento3Danielle O. Nascimento4Marise P. Nunes5Alexandre Morrot6Alexandre Morrot7Leonardo Freire-de-Lima8Jose Osvaldo Previato9Lucia Mendonça-Previato10Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima11Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. In immunocompetent patients, cryptococcal infection is often confined to the lungs. In immunocompromised individuals, C. neoformans may cause life-threatening illness, either from novel exposure or through reactivation of a previously acquired latent infection. For example, cryptococcal meningitis is a severe clinical disease that can manifest in people that are immunocompromised due to AIDS. The major constituents of the Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), and galactoxylomannan (GalXM), also known as glucuronoxylomanogalactan (GXMGal), are considered the primary virulence factors of Cryptococcus. Despite the predominance of GXM in the polysaccharide capsule, GalXM has more robust immunomodulatory effects on host cellular immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding host-Crytococcus neoformans interactions and the role of capsular polysaccharides in host immunomodulation. Future studies will likely facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in antigenic recognition and host immune response to C. neoformans and lead to the development of new therapeutic pathways for cryptococcal infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2019.00129/fullCryptococcus neoformansglucuronoxylomannan (GXM)galactoxylomannan (GalXM)immunomodulationimmuno evasion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Debora Decote-Ricardo Isabel Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas Juliana Dutra B. Rocha Danielle O. Nascimento Danielle O. Nascimento Marise P. Nunes Alexandre Morrot Alexandre Morrot Leonardo Freire-de-Lima Jose Osvaldo Previato Lucia Mendonça-Previato Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima |
spellingShingle |
Debora Decote-Ricardo Isabel Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas Juliana Dutra B. Rocha Danielle O. Nascimento Danielle O. Nascimento Marise P. Nunes Alexandre Morrot Alexandre Morrot Leonardo Freire-de-Lima Jose Osvaldo Previato Lucia Mendonça-Previato Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans Frontiers in Medicine Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) galactoxylomannan (GalXM) immunomodulation immuno evasion |
author_facet |
Debora Decote-Ricardo Isabel Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas Juliana Dutra B. Rocha Danielle O. Nascimento Danielle O. Nascimento Marise P. Nunes Alexandre Morrot Alexandre Morrot Leonardo Freire-de-Lima Jose Osvaldo Previato Lucia Mendonça-Previato Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima |
author_sort |
Debora Decote-Ricardo |
title |
Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans |
title_short |
Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans |
title_full |
Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans |
title_fullStr |
Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans |
title_sort |
immunomodulatory role of capsular polysaccharides constituents of cryptococcus neoformans |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Medicine |
issn |
2296-858X |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. In immunocompetent patients, cryptococcal infection is often confined to the lungs. In immunocompromised individuals, C. neoformans may cause life-threatening illness, either from novel exposure or through reactivation of a previously acquired latent infection. For example, cryptococcal meningitis is a severe clinical disease that can manifest in people that are immunocompromised due to AIDS. The major constituents of the Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), and galactoxylomannan (GalXM), also known as glucuronoxylomanogalactan (GXMGal), are considered the primary virulence factors of Cryptococcus. Despite the predominance of GXM in the polysaccharide capsule, GalXM has more robust immunomodulatory effects on host cellular immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding host-Crytococcus neoformans interactions and the role of capsular polysaccharides in host immunomodulation. Future studies will likely facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in antigenic recognition and host immune response to C. neoformans and lead to the development of new therapeutic pathways for cryptococcal infection. |
topic |
Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) galactoxylomannan (GalXM) immunomodulation immuno evasion |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2019.00129/full |
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