Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies
Cellular respiration is a vital process for the existence of life. Any condition that results in deprivation of oxygen (also termed as hypoxia) may eventually lead to deleterious effects on the functioning of tissues. Brain being the highest consumer of oxygen is prone to increased risk of hypoxia-i...
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doaj-fb69981e1b544414a557d3b1ef07b49b2020-11-25T00:14:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2017-07-011110.3389/fnins.2017.00386229049Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative TherapiesGillipsie Minhas0Deepali Mathur1Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy2Neel K. Sharma3Viraaj Paanu4Akshay Anand5Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh, IndiaFaculty of Biological Sciences, University of ValenciaValencia, SpainMolecular Biosciences Laboratory, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana UniversityBengaluru, IndiaArmed Forces Radiobiology Research InstituteBethesda, MD, United StatesGovernment Medical College and HospitalChandigarh, IndiaNeuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh, IndiaCellular respiration is a vital process for the existence of life. Any condition that results in deprivation of oxygen (also termed as hypoxia) may eventually lead to deleterious effects on the functioning of tissues. Brain being the highest consumer of oxygen is prone to increased risk of hypoxia-induced neurological insults. This in turn has been associated with many diseases of central nervous system (CNS) such as stroke, Alzheimer's, encephalopathy etc. Although several studies have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ischemic/hypoxic CNS diseases, the knowledge about protective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the affected neuronal cells is meager. This has augmented the need to improve our understanding of the hypoxic and ischemic events occurring in the brain and identify novel and alternate treatment modalities for such insults. MicroRNA (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, have recently emerged as potential neuroprotective agents as well as targets, under hypoxic conditions. These 18–22 nucleotide long RNA molecules are profusely present in brain and other organs and function as gene regulators by cleaving and silencing the gene expression. In brain, these are known to be involved in neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Therefore, targeting miRNA expression represents a novel therapeutic approach to intercede against hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. In the first part of this review, we will discuss the neurophysiological changes caused as a result of hypoxia, followed by the contribution of hypoxia in the neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, we will provide recent updates and insights into the roles of miRNA in the regulation of genes in oxygen and glucose deprived brain in association with circadian rhythms and how these can be targeted as neuroprotective agents for CNS injuries. Finally, we will emphasize on alternate breathing or yogic interventions to overcome the hypoxia associated anomalies that could ultimately lead to improvement in cerebral perfusion.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2017.00386/fullhypoxiaischemiamicroRNAyogabreathing exerciseneuroprotection |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gillipsie Minhas Deepali Mathur Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy Neel K. Sharma Viraaj Paanu Akshay Anand |
spellingShingle |
Gillipsie Minhas Deepali Mathur Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy Neel K. Sharma Viraaj Paanu Akshay Anand Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies Frontiers in Neuroscience hypoxia ischemia microRNA yoga breathing exercise neuroprotection |
author_facet |
Gillipsie Minhas Deepali Mathur Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy Neel K. Sharma Viraaj Paanu Akshay Anand |
author_sort |
Gillipsie Minhas |
title |
Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies |
title_short |
Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies |
title_full |
Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies |
title_fullStr |
Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypoxia in CNS Pathologies: Emerging Role of miRNA-Based Neurotherapeutics and Yoga Based Alternative Therapies |
title_sort |
hypoxia in cns pathologies: emerging role of mirna-based neurotherapeutics and yoga based alternative therapies |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Cellular respiration is a vital process for the existence of life. Any condition that results in deprivation of oxygen (also termed as hypoxia) may eventually lead to deleterious effects on the functioning of tissues. Brain being the highest consumer of oxygen is prone to increased risk of hypoxia-induced neurological insults. This in turn has been associated with many diseases of central nervous system (CNS) such as stroke, Alzheimer's, encephalopathy etc. Although several studies have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ischemic/hypoxic CNS diseases, the knowledge about protective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the affected neuronal cells is meager. This has augmented the need to improve our understanding of the hypoxic and ischemic events occurring in the brain and identify novel and alternate treatment modalities for such insults. MicroRNA (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, have recently emerged as potential neuroprotective agents as well as targets, under hypoxic conditions. These 18–22 nucleotide long RNA molecules are profusely present in brain and other organs and function as gene regulators by cleaving and silencing the gene expression. In brain, these are known to be involved in neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Therefore, targeting miRNA expression represents a novel therapeutic approach to intercede against hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. In the first part of this review, we will discuss the neurophysiological changes caused as a result of hypoxia, followed by the contribution of hypoxia in the neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, we will provide recent updates and insights into the roles of miRNA in the regulation of genes in oxygen and glucose deprived brain in association with circadian rhythms and how these can be targeted as neuroprotective agents for CNS injuries. Finally, we will emphasize on alternate breathing or yogic interventions to overcome the hypoxia associated anomalies that could ultimately lead to improvement in cerebral perfusion. |
topic |
hypoxia ischemia microRNA yoga breathing exercise neuroprotection |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2017.00386/full |
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