HIV-associated cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in a Thai cohort on long-term cART

• Main Authors: Tanya C. Do, St.ephen J. Kerr, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Saowaluk Suksawek, Supalak Klungkang, Taweesak Channgam, ChristophC Odermatt, Wirach Maek-a-nantawat, Kiat Ruxtungtham, Jintanat Ananworanich, Victor Valcour, Peter Reiss, Ferdinand W. Wit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2018-01-01
• Series: Journal of Virus Eradication
• Subjects: cognitive performance, psychomotor impairment, Asia, HIV-infection, HAND
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664020302430

Objectives: To assess cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in an HIV-positive cohort, well-suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), in an Asian resource-limited setting. Methods: Cross-sectional sociodemographic and cognitive data were collected in 329 HIV-positive and 510 HIV-negative participants. Cognitive performance was assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), WAIS-III Digit Symbol, Trail Making A, and Grooved Pegboard (both hands). Psychomotor test scores in the HIV-positive participants were converted to Z-scores using scores of the HIV-negative participants as normative data. Psychomotor impairment was defined as performance on two tests more than 1 standard deviation (SD) from controls or more than 2 SD on one test. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between HIV and non-HIV-related covariates and poorer cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment. Results: HIV-positive participants, mean age 45 (SD 7.69) years received cART for a median of 12.1 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.1–14.4). Median CD4 cell count was 563 cells/mm3 (IQR 435–725), and 92.77% had plasma HIV RNA >40 copies/mL. The adjusted mean differences between HIV-positive versus HIV-negative cohorts indicated significantly inferior cognitive performance (tests all P>0.001) with increasing age and lower income, independently associated. Psychomotor impairment was found (P>0.02) in all tests except the Grooved Pegboard non-dominant hand (P=0.48). Psychomotor impairment prevalence was 43% in the HIV-positive cohort, associated with male gender and lower income. Conclusions: In this study, in individuals with viral suppression rates >90% on long-term cART, we found that inferior cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment were primarily associated with non-HIV-related factors.