Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection o...
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doaj-fc8a1b25485f4b6495edd204acca99992021-01-13T00:03:11ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-01-011326026010.3390/cancers13020260Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell TechnologiesMichelle Hong0George He1Siting Goh2Alvin Wei Xiang Low3Kae Jack Tay4Tony Kiat Hon Lim5Joe Yeong6Li Yan Khor7Tong Seng Lim8A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, SingaporeDepartment of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeDepartment of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeDepartment of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, SingaporeDepartment of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, SingaporeDepartment of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeDepartment of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeDepartment of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeA. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, SingaporeUrothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection of the tumor. However, patients require life-long monitoring due to its high rate of recurrence. The current gold standard for UC diagnosis, prognosis, and disease surveillance relies on a combination of cytology and cystoscopy, which is invasive, costly, and associated with comorbidities. Hence, there is considerable interest in the development of highly specific and sensitive urinary biomarkers for the non-invasive early detection of UC. In this review, we assess the performance of current diagnostic assays for UC and highlight some of the most promising biomarkers investigated to date. We also highlight some of the recent advances in single-cell technologies that may offer a paradigm shift in the field of UC biomarker discovery and precision diagnostics.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/260single celldiagnosticsurothelial carcinomabiomarkernon-invasivecytology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michelle Hong George He Siting Goh Alvin Wei Xiang Low Kae Jack Tay Tony Kiat Hon Lim Joe Yeong Li Yan Khor Tong Seng Lim |
spellingShingle |
Michelle Hong George He Siting Goh Alvin Wei Xiang Low Kae Jack Tay Tony Kiat Hon Lim Joe Yeong Li Yan Khor Tong Seng Lim Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies Cancers single cell diagnostics urothelial carcinoma biomarker non-invasive cytology |
author_facet |
Michelle Hong George He Siting Goh Alvin Wei Xiang Low Kae Jack Tay Tony Kiat Hon Lim Joe Yeong Li Yan Khor Tong Seng Lim |
author_sort |
Michelle Hong |
title |
Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies |
title_short |
Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies |
title_full |
Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies |
title_fullStr |
Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies |
title_sort |
biomarkers for precision urothelial carcinoma diagnosis: current approaches and the application of single-cell technologies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection of the tumor. However, patients require life-long monitoring due to its high rate of recurrence. The current gold standard for UC diagnosis, prognosis, and disease surveillance relies on a combination of cytology and cystoscopy, which is invasive, costly, and associated with comorbidities. Hence, there is considerable interest in the development of highly specific and sensitive urinary biomarkers for the non-invasive early detection of UC. In this review, we assess the performance of current diagnostic assays for UC and highlight some of the most promising biomarkers investigated to date. We also highlight some of the recent advances in single-cell technologies that may offer a paradigm shift in the field of UC biomarker discovery and precision diagnostics. |
topic |
single cell diagnostics urothelial carcinoma biomarker non-invasive cytology |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/260 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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