Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals
A greater knowledge of the ecology of the natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is essential to better assess the temporal variations of the risk of tick-borne encephalitis for humans. To describe the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the TBEV-cycle and the epidemiological param...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
Series: | Pathogens |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/518 |
id |
doaj-fcf145bef5e343be9b2716508748d544 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-fcf145bef5e343be9b2716508748d5442020-11-25T03:19:22ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-06-01951851810.3390/pathogens9070518Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small MammalsLaure Bournez0Gerald Umhang1Marie Moinet2Céline Richomme3Jean-Michel Demerson4Christophe Caillot5Elodie Devillers6Jean-Marc Boucher7Yves Hansmann8Franck Boué9Sara Moutailler10Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceUnité mixte de recherche Biologie moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaire (UMR BIPAR), ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceInfectious Disease Department, University Hospital Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France, <email>Yves.Hansmann@chru-strasbourg.fr</email>Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 54220 Malzéville, FranceA greater knowledge of the ecology of the natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is essential to better assess the temporal variations of the risk of tick-borne encephalitis for humans. To describe the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the TBEV-cycle and the epidemiological parameters related to TBEV nymph-to-larva transmission, exposure of small mammals to TBEV, and tick aggregation on small mammals, a longitudinal survey in ticks and small mammals was conducted over a 3-year period in a mountain forest in Alsace, eastern France. TBEV prevalence in questing nymphs was lower in 2013 than in 2012 and 2014, probably because small mammals (<i>Myodes glareolus</i> and <i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>) were more abundant in 2012, which reduced tick aggregation and co-feeding transmission between ticks. The prevalence of TBEV in questing nymphs was higher in autumn than spring. Despite these variations in prevalence, the density of infected questing nymphs was constant over time, leading to a constant risk for humans. The seroprevalence of small mammals was also constant over time, although the proportion of rodents infested with ticks varied between years and seasons. Our results draw attention to the importance of considering the complex relationship between small mammal densities, tick aggregation on small mammals, density of infected questing nymphs, and prevalence of infected nymphs in order to forecast the risk of TBEV for humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/518tick-borne encephalitis virus<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>tickstransmissionsmall mammalsseroprevalence |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laure Bournez Gerald Umhang Marie Moinet Céline Richomme Jean-Michel Demerson Christophe Caillot Elodie Devillers Jean-Marc Boucher Yves Hansmann Franck Boué Sara Moutailler |
spellingShingle |
Laure Bournez Gerald Umhang Marie Moinet Céline Richomme Jean-Michel Demerson Christophe Caillot Elodie Devillers Jean-Marc Boucher Yves Hansmann Franck Boué Sara Moutailler Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals Pathogens tick-borne encephalitis virus <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> ticks transmission small mammals seroprevalence |
author_facet |
Laure Bournez Gerald Umhang Marie Moinet Céline Richomme Jean-Michel Demerson Christophe Caillot Elodie Devillers Jean-Marc Boucher Yves Hansmann Franck Boué Sara Moutailler |
author_sort |
Laure Bournez |
title |
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals |
title_short |
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals |
title_full |
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals |
title_fullStr |
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Seasonal and Annual Variation of Epidemiological Parameters Related to Nymph-to-Larva Transmission and Exposure of Small Mammals |
title_sort |
tick-borne encephalitis virus: seasonal and annual variation of epidemiological parameters related to nymph-to-larva transmission and exposure of small mammals |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
A greater knowledge of the ecology of the natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is essential to better assess the temporal variations of the risk of tick-borne encephalitis for humans. To describe the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the TBEV-cycle and the epidemiological parameters related to TBEV nymph-to-larva transmission, exposure of small mammals to TBEV, and tick aggregation on small mammals, a longitudinal survey in ticks and small mammals was conducted over a 3-year period in a mountain forest in Alsace, eastern France. TBEV prevalence in questing nymphs was lower in 2013 than in 2012 and 2014, probably because small mammals (<i>Myodes glareolus</i> and <i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>) were more abundant in 2012, which reduced tick aggregation and co-feeding transmission between ticks. The prevalence of TBEV in questing nymphs was higher in autumn than spring. Despite these variations in prevalence, the density of infected questing nymphs was constant over time, leading to a constant risk for humans. The seroprevalence of small mammals was also constant over time, although the proportion of rodents infested with ticks varied between years and seasons. Our results draw attention to the importance of considering the complex relationship between small mammal densities, tick aggregation on small mammals, density of infected questing nymphs, and prevalence of infected nymphs in order to forecast the risk of TBEV for humans. |
topic |
tick-borne encephalitis virus <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> ticks transmission small mammals seroprevalence |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/518 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT laurebournez tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT geraldumhang tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT mariemoinet tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT celinerichomme tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT jeanmicheldemerson tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT christophecaillot tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT elodiedevillers tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT jeanmarcboucher tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT yveshansmann tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT franckboue tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals AT saramoutailler tickborneencephalitisvirusseasonalandannualvariationofepidemiologicalparametersrelatedtonymphtolarvatransmissionandexposureofsmallmammals |
_version_ |
1724622799061909504 |