Tuberculose em necropsias realizadas no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Tuberculosis in necropsies performed at the Department of Pathology of Botucatu Medical School

• Main Authors: Andrei Fernandes Joaquim, Luana Carandina, Julio Defaveri
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica 2006-06-01
• Series: Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
• Subjects: Tuberculose; Necropsias; Patologia; Epidemiologia; Tuberculosis; Necropsies; Pathology; Epidemiology
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-24442006000300008
• ISSN: 1676-2444; 1678-4774

Entre 6.316 necropsias realizadas, no período de 1969 a 2000, no Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB/UNESP), foram encontradas 240 necropsias com diagnóstico de tuberculose, sendo 117 registradas como doença principal (grupo tuberculose/doença principal) e 123, como doença associada (grupo tuberculose/doença associada). No grupo tuberculose/doença principal, 100% apresentavam tuberculose ativa, com 80 ocorrências em homens e 37 em mulheres e média de idade de 47,7 anos. Caquexia (37,2%) e cor pulmonale (23,7%) foram as co-morbidades mais prevalentes nesse grupo. Os pulmões estavam comprometidos em 95,7% dos casos, seguido pelos linfonodos (38,9%) e pleuras (27,1%). Os padrões morfológicos das lesões pulmonares foram: 1. miliar, 58,4%; 2. cavernas, 56,6%; 3. fibrose, 41,5%; 4. bronquiectasias, 26,5%; 5. enfisema, 19,4%; e 6. cistos, 1,7%. Cavernas foram observadas em diferentes áreas, com discreto predomínio no pulmão direito, sendo a localização apical preferencial (100%) e quase sempre bilaterais (94%). Lesões miliares, bronquiectasias e fibrose estavam distribuídas, de forma difusa e aleatória, nos pulmões. No grupo tuberculose/doença associada também houve predomínio de homens (70,8%). Nesses casos, a AIDS e o alcoolismo crônico foram as doenças principais mais freqüentes, representando 22% e 16,3%, respectivamente. Os pulmões estavam acometidos em 85,2% dessas necropsias (100% nos casos de AIDS), seguidos pelos linfonodos (31,9%) e baço (28,6%). Nossos dados corroboram a importância da necropsia no estudo e no conhecimento da tuberculose, fornecendo subsídios para uma melhor abordagem clínica e epidemiológica dessa doença em nossa região.<br>Among 6,316 necropsies performed in the period 1969-2000 at the Department of Pathology of Botucatu Medical School UNESP, 240 were of tuberculosis. Among them, 117 were registered as the principal disease (tuberculosis/principal disease group) and 123, as associated to another disease (tuberculosis/associated disease group). In the tuberculosis-principal disease group, 100% had active tuberculosis, 80 patients were male and 37 were female, with mean age of 47.7 years. Cachexia (37.2%) and cor pulmonale (23.7%) were the most prevalent comorbities in this group. The lungs were affected in 95.7% of the cases, followed by lymph nodes (38.9%) and pleura (27.1%). The morphology and frequency of pulmonary lesions were: 1. miliar: 58.4%; 2. caverns, 56.6%; 3. fibrosis, 41.5%; 4. bronchiectasias, 26.5%; 5. emphysema, 19.4% and 6. cysts, 1.7%. Caverns were observed in different areas of both lungs, with discreet predominance in the right lung, were located mainly in the apices (100%), and the great majority (94%) was bilateral. The others lesions were distributed randomly in both lungs. In the tuberculosis/associated disease group, 70.8% was male, and the two most frequent principal diseases were AIDS (22.1%) and alcoholism (16.3%). Also, the lung was the most affected organ (85.2%), followed by lymph nodes (31.9%) and spleen (28.6%). In 100% of AIDS there were pulmonary lesions. This study in necropsies reinforces epidemiological data that tuberculosis is an important disease, and, also, constitutes an invaluable tool to gather information for a better understanding of the pathology and the epidemiology of tuberculosis in our region.