Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar
Introduction. In Madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) and on indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. We tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles fu...
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doaj-fd348c5bf3e7480f9c2543db834e442b2020-11-24T20:45:32ZengHindawi LimitedBioMed Research International2314-61332314-61412018-01-01201810.1155/2018/58061795806179Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, MadagascarTsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo0Solohery Fanomezana Randriamanarivo1Mihajarilala Rakotoniaina Tanjona2Inès Vigan-Womas3Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia4Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath5Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, G4 Malaria Group, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarInstitut Pasteur de Madagascar, G4 Malaria Group, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarInstitut Pasteur de Madagascar, G4 Malaria Group, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarInstitut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité d'Immunologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarInstitut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarInstitut Pasteur de Madagascar, G4 Malaria Group, Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo 101, MadagascarIntroduction. In Madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) and on indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. We tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of Marovoay. Methods. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were done in July 2017 on first-generation Anopheles funestus (F1) to assess (i) the susceptibility to permethrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%), and bendiocarb (0.1%); (ii) the effect of preexposure to the piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist; and (iii) the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Results. Our results demonstrated that An. funestus was phenotypically resistant to pyrethroids and bendiocarb, with a mortality rate (MR) of 33.6% (95%CI: 24.5-43.7%) and 86% (95%CI: 77.6-92.1%), respectively. In contrast, An. funestus were 100% susceptible to DDT and organophosphates (malathion and fenitrothion). Preexposure of An. funestus to PBO synergist significantly restored the susceptibility to bendiocarb (MR=100%) and increased the MR in the pyrethroid group, from 96% (95%CI: 90.0-98.9%) to 100% for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively (χ2 = 43, df = 3, P< 0.0001). Enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 and α-esterases were significantly elevated among An. funestus compared with the IPM reference strain (Mann-Whitney U= 30, P<0.0001; U = 145.5, P <0.0001, respectively). No significant differences of β-esterases activities compared to the IPM reference strain were observed (Mann-Whitney U = 392.5, P = 0.08). Conclusion. In Tsararano, despite the absence of an IRS programme, there is evidence of high levels of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in An. funestus. Biochemical data indicated that a metabolic resistance mechanism through the cytochrome P450 genes is operating in the An. funestus population.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5806179 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo Solohery Fanomezana Randriamanarivo Mihajarilala Rakotoniaina Tanjona Inès Vigan-Womas Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath |
spellingShingle |
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo Solohery Fanomezana Randriamanarivo Mihajarilala Rakotoniaina Tanjona Inès Vigan-Womas Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar BioMed Research International |
author_facet |
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo Solohery Fanomezana Randriamanarivo Mihajarilala Rakotoniaina Tanjona Inès Vigan-Womas Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath |
author_sort |
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo |
title |
Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar |
title_short |
Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar |
title_full |
Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar |
title_fullStr |
Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar |
title_sort |
evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in anopheles funestus from tsararano, marovoay district, madagascar |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
BioMed Research International |
issn |
2314-6133 2314-6141 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Introduction. In Madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) and on indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. We tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of Marovoay. Methods. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were done in July 2017 on first-generation Anopheles funestus (F1) to assess (i) the susceptibility to permethrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%), and bendiocarb (0.1%); (ii) the effect of preexposure to the piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist; and (iii) the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Results. Our results demonstrated that An. funestus was phenotypically resistant to pyrethroids and bendiocarb, with a mortality rate (MR) of 33.6% (95%CI: 24.5-43.7%) and 86% (95%CI: 77.6-92.1%), respectively. In contrast, An. funestus were 100% susceptible to DDT and organophosphates (malathion and fenitrothion). Preexposure of An. funestus to PBO synergist significantly restored the susceptibility to bendiocarb (MR=100%) and increased the MR in the pyrethroid group, from 96% (95%CI: 90.0-98.9%) to 100% for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively (χ2 = 43, df = 3, P< 0.0001). Enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 and α-esterases were significantly elevated among An. funestus compared with the IPM reference strain (Mann-Whitney U= 30, P<0.0001; U = 145.5, P <0.0001, respectively). No significant differences of β-esterases activities compared to the IPM reference strain were observed (Mann-Whitney U = 392.5, P = 0.08). Conclusion. In Tsararano, despite the absence of an IRS programme, there is evidence of high levels of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in An. funestus. Biochemical data indicated that a metabolic resistance mechanism through the cytochrome P450 genes is operating in the An. funestus population. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5806179 |
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