Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study
Background: Elite athlete's heart is characterized by a greater left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area (LVMI) and diastolic function; however previous studies are mainly conducted in non-Asian athletes compared to sedentary controls.Methods: This study included 1,388 male adults, ag...
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doaj-fd3803769920463c876e9d7f465b75012021-09-29T05:44:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2021-09-01810.3389/fcvm.2021.725852725852Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart StudyPang-Yen Liu0Pang-Yen Liu1Kun-Zhe Tsai2Kun-Zhe Tsai3Joao A. C. Lima4Carl J. Lavie5Gen-Min Lin6Gen-Min Lin7Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, TaiwanDepartment of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, TaiwanDepartments of Cardiology and Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesOchsner Clinical School, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, TaiwanBackground: Elite athlete's heart is characterized by a greater left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area (LVMI) and diastolic function; however previous studies are mainly conducted in non-Asian athletes compared to sedentary controls.Methods: This study included 1,388 male adults, aged 18–34 years, enrolled in the same unified 6-month physical training program in Taiwan. During the midterm exams of 2020, all trainees completed a 3-km run (endurance) test, and 577 were randomly selected to attend a 2-min push-up (muscular strength) test. Elite athletes were defined as the performance of each exercise falling one standard deviation above the mean (16%). Cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography and compared between elite and non-elite athletes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of elite athlete status at each exercise modality.Results: As compared to non-elite controls, elite endurance athletes had greater LVMI (84.4 ± 13.6 vs. 80.5 ± 12.9 g/m2, p < 0.001) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.37 ± 0.73 vs. 2.22 ± 0.76, p < 0.01) with lower late diastolic A' (7.77 ± 2.16 vs. 8.30 ± 3.69 cm/s, p = 0.03). Elite strength athletes had greater LVMI (81.8 ± 11.4 vs. 77.5 ± 12.1, p = 0.004) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.36 ± 0.70 vs. 2.11 ± 0.71, p < 0.01) with a greater early diastolic E' (19.30 ± 4.06 vs. 18.18 ± 4.05 cm/s, p = 0.02). Greater LVMI and lower heart rate were independent predictors of elite endurance athletes [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) and 0.96 (0.95, 0.98), respectively]. Greater LVMI, lateral mitral E'/A' ratio and right ventricular systolic pressure were independent predictors of elite strength athletes [OR: 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.50 (1.06, 2.12), and 1.12 (1.05, 1.19), respectively].Conclusions: Cardiac structural and functional characteristics differ between endurance and strength elite athletes. While greater LVMI predicts elite status in both groups of Asian athletes, consistent with findings from Western elite athletes, greater diastolic function, and right ventricular systolic pressure characterize strength elite athletes, while lower heart rate at rest predicts endurance elite athletic status.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.725852/fullAsian athletescardiac remodelingendurance exercise performancemuscular strength exerciseleft ventricular diastolic function |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pang-Yen Liu Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Kun-Zhe Tsai Joao A. C. Lima Carl J. Lavie Gen-Min Lin Gen-Min Lin |
spellingShingle |
Pang-Yen Liu Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Kun-Zhe Tsai Joao A. C. Lima Carl J. Lavie Gen-Min Lin Gen-Min Lin Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Asian athletes cardiac remodeling endurance exercise performance muscular strength exercise left ventricular diastolic function |
author_facet |
Pang-Yen Liu Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Kun-Zhe Tsai Joao A. C. Lima Carl J. Lavie Gen-Min Lin Gen-Min Lin |
author_sort |
Pang-Yen Liu |
title |
Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study |
title_short |
Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study |
title_full |
Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study |
title_fullStr |
Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study |
title_sort |
athlete's heart in asian military males: the chief heart study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
issn |
2297-055X |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Background: Elite athlete's heart is characterized by a greater left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area (LVMI) and diastolic function; however previous studies are mainly conducted in non-Asian athletes compared to sedentary controls.Methods: This study included 1,388 male adults, aged 18–34 years, enrolled in the same unified 6-month physical training program in Taiwan. During the midterm exams of 2020, all trainees completed a 3-km run (endurance) test, and 577 were randomly selected to attend a 2-min push-up (muscular strength) test. Elite athletes were defined as the performance of each exercise falling one standard deviation above the mean (16%). Cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography and compared between elite and non-elite athletes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of elite athlete status at each exercise modality.Results: As compared to non-elite controls, elite endurance athletes had greater LVMI (84.4 ± 13.6 vs. 80.5 ± 12.9 g/m2, p < 0.001) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.37 ± 0.73 vs. 2.22 ± 0.76, p < 0.01) with lower late diastolic A' (7.77 ± 2.16 vs. 8.30 ± 3.69 cm/s, p = 0.03). Elite strength athletes had greater LVMI (81.8 ± 11.4 vs. 77.5 ± 12.1, p = 0.004) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.36 ± 0.70 vs. 2.11 ± 0.71, p < 0.01) with a greater early diastolic E' (19.30 ± 4.06 vs. 18.18 ± 4.05 cm/s, p = 0.02). Greater LVMI and lower heart rate were independent predictors of elite endurance athletes [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) and 0.96 (0.95, 0.98), respectively]. Greater LVMI, lateral mitral E'/A' ratio and right ventricular systolic pressure were independent predictors of elite strength athletes [OR: 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.50 (1.06, 2.12), and 1.12 (1.05, 1.19), respectively].Conclusions: Cardiac structural and functional characteristics differ between endurance and strength elite athletes. While greater LVMI predicts elite status in both groups of Asian athletes, consistent with findings from Western elite athletes, greater diastolic function, and right ventricular systolic pressure characterize strength elite athletes, while lower heart rate at rest predicts endurance elite athletic status. |
topic |
Asian athletes cardiac remodeling endurance exercise performance muscular strength exercise left ventricular diastolic function |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.725852/full |
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