Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs
A bilateral cranial polyneuropathy was the primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in three medium to large breed dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. All three dogs presented with a progressive history of vestibular ataxia with either central vestibular or mult...
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doaj-fd49d9647696488392b6ca71f543c62c2020-11-25T03:11:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-06-01710.3389/fvets.2020.00326537661Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 DogsHilary A. Levitin0Rachel Lampe1Silke Hecht2Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United StatesDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United StatesA bilateral cranial polyneuropathy was the primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in three medium to large breed dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. All three dogs presented with a progressive history of vestibular ataxia with either central vestibular or multifocal central nervous system (CNS) neuroanatomical localization. Brain MRI revealed variable degree of bilateral enlargement and/or increased contrast enhancement of the optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves, as well as enhancement of the orbital fissure (oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic branch of trigeminal, and abducens nerves). There was evidence of intracranial and cranial cervical meningeal contrast enhancement in all three dogs and of cervical spinal cord lesions in 2. In all cases, more cranial nerves were affected than indicated by neurological examination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was consistent with a mononuclear pleocytosis in 2 cases and a mixed cell (predominantly lymphocytic) pleocytosis in 1 case. All dogs were treated with immune suppressing medications and showed clinical improvement, although some cranial nerve deficits were persistent at follow up 2 months later. These are the first known cases of MUE diagnosed ante-mortem in a canine population documenting bilaterally symmetrical lesions affecting multiple cranial nerves. While MUE is a common cause of non-infectious inflammatory disease in dogs, it likely encompasses more classifications than have previously been reported, and should remain a differential for dogs of all ages and sizes presenting with cranial nerve deficits.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2020.00326/fullMUEMUOcranial nervecanineinflammatorybrain |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hilary A. Levitin Rachel Lampe Silke Hecht |
spellingShingle |
Hilary A. Levitin Rachel Lampe Silke Hecht Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs Frontiers in Veterinary Science MUE MUO cranial nerve canine inflammatory brain |
author_facet |
Hilary A. Levitin Rachel Lampe Silke Hecht |
author_sort |
Hilary A. Levitin |
title |
Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs |
title_short |
Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs |
title_full |
Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs |
title_fullStr |
Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs |
title_full_unstemmed |
Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology Manifesting as a Bilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in 3 Dogs |
title_sort |
case report: meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology manifesting as a bilateral cranial polyneuropathy in 3 dogs |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
issn |
2297-1769 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
A bilateral cranial polyneuropathy was the primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in three medium to large breed dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. All three dogs presented with a progressive history of vestibular ataxia with either central vestibular or multifocal central nervous system (CNS) neuroanatomical localization. Brain MRI revealed variable degree of bilateral enlargement and/or increased contrast enhancement of the optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves, as well as enhancement of the orbital fissure (oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic branch of trigeminal, and abducens nerves). There was evidence of intracranial and cranial cervical meningeal contrast enhancement in all three dogs and of cervical spinal cord lesions in 2. In all cases, more cranial nerves were affected than indicated by neurological examination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was consistent with a mononuclear pleocytosis in 2 cases and a mixed cell (predominantly lymphocytic) pleocytosis in 1 case. All dogs were treated with immune suppressing medications and showed clinical improvement, although some cranial nerve deficits were persistent at follow up 2 months later. These are the first known cases of MUE diagnosed ante-mortem in a canine population documenting bilaterally symmetrical lesions affecting multiple cranial nerves. While MUE is a common cause of non-infectious inflammatory disease in dogs, it likely encompasses more classifications than have previously been reported, and should remain a differential for dogs of all ages and sizes presenting with cranial nerve deficits. |
topic |
MUE MUO cranial nerve canine inflammatory brain |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2020.00326/full |
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