Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment
In the orthopedic and dental fields, simultaneously conferring titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants with antibacterial and bone-bonding capabilities is an outstanding challenge. In the present study, we developed a novel combined solution and heat treatment that controllably incorporates 0.7% to 10....
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doaj-fd868464ea9d44a68e401f642b7603c32021-09-26T00:48:03ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-08-01112199219910.3390/nano11092199Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat TreatmentSeiji Yamaguchi0Phuc Thi Minh Le1Seine A. Shintani2Hiroaki Takadama3Morihiro Ito4Sara Ferraris5Silvia Spriano6Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanPolitecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyPolitecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyIn the orthopedic and dental fields, simultaneously conferring titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants with antibacterial and bone-bonding capabilities is an outstanding challenge. In the present study, we developed a novel combined solution and heat treatment that controllably incorporates 0.7% to 10.5% of iodine into Ti and its alloys by ion exchange with calcium ions in a bioactive calcium titanate. The treated metals formed iodine-containing calcium-deficient calcium titanate with abundant Ti-OH groups on their surfaces. High-resolution XPS analysis revealed that the incorporated iodine ions were mainly positively charged. The surface treatment also induced a shift in the isoelectric point toward a higher pH, which indicated a prevalence of basic surface functionalities. The Ti loaded with 8.6% iodine slowly released 5.6 ppm of iodine over 90 days and exhibited strong antibacterial activity (reduction rate >99%) against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>S. epidermidis</i>. A long-term stability test of the antibacterial activity on MRSA showed that the treated Ti maintained a >99% reduction until 3 months, and then it gradually decreased after 6 months (to a 97.3% reduction). There was no cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 or L929 cells, whereas apatite formed on the treated metal in a simulated body fluid within 3 days. It is expected that the iodine-carrying Ti and its alloys will be particularly useful for orthopedic and dental implants since they reliably bond to bone and prevent infection owing to their apatite formation, cytocompatibility, and sustainable antibacterial activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2199iodinecalcium titanatetitaniumapatite-forming abilitycytotoxicity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Seiji Yamaguchi Phuc Thi Minh Le Seine A. Shintani Hiroaki Takadama Morihiro Ito Sara Ferraris Silvia Spriano |
spellingShingle |
Seiji Yamaguchi Phuc Thi Minh Le Seine A. Shintani Hiroaki Takadama Morihiro Ito Sara Ferraris Silvia Spriano Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment Nanomaterials iodine calcium titanate titanium apatite-forming ability cytotoxicity |
author_facet |
Seiji Yamaguchi Phuc Thi Minh Le Seine A. Shintani Hiroaki Takadama Morihiro Ito Sara Ferraris Silvia Spriano |
author_sort |
Seiji Yamaguchi |
title |
Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment |
title_short |
Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment |
title_full |
Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment |
title_fullStr |
Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment |
title_sort |
iodine-loaded calcium titanate for bone repair with sustainable antibacterial activity prepared by solution and heat treatment |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
In the orthopedic and dental fields, simultaneously conferring titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants with antibacterial and bone-bonding capabilities is an outstanding challenge. In the present study, we developed a novel combined solution and heat treatment that controllably incorporates 0.7% to 10.5% of iodine into Ti and its alloys by ion exchange with calcium ions in a bioactive calcium titanate. The treated metals formed iodine-containing calcium-deficient calcium titanate with abundant Ti-OH groups on their surfaces. High-resolution XPS analysis revealed that the incorporated iodine ions were mainly positively charged. The surface treatment also induced a shift in the isoelectric point toward a higher pH, which indicated a prevalence of basic surface functionalities. The Ti loaded with 8.6% iodine slowly released 5.6 ppm of iodine over 90 days and exhibited strong antibacterial activity (reduction rate >99%) against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>S. epidermidis</i>. A long-term stability test of the antibacterial activity on MRSA showed that the treated Ti maintained a >99% reduction until 3 months, and then it gradually decreased after 6 months (to a 97.3% reduction). There was no cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 or L929 cells, whereas apatite formed on the treated metal in a simulated body fluid within 3 days. It is expected that the iodine-carrying Ti and its alloys will be particularly useful for orthopedic and dental implants since they reliably bond to bone and prevent infection owing to their apatite formation, cytocompatibility, and sustainable antibacterial activity. |
topic |
iodine calcium titanate titanium apatite-forming ability cytotoxicity |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2199 |
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