The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth
Several sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) have been tested as lead drugs in cancer clinical trials. Salograviolide-<b>A</b> (Sal-<b>A)</b> and salograviolide-<b>B</b> (Sal-<b>B)</b> are two STLs that have been isolated from <i>Centaurea ainetensis<...
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doaj-fd9c85d9e408474d90efc6d0d685a41f2021-09-26T00:45:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-09-01265481548110.3390/molecules26185481The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell GrowthLamis Al Aaraj0Berthe Hayar1Zaynab Jaber2Walid Saad3Najat A. Saliba4Nadine Darwiche5Tarek Ghaddar6AUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAUB Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonSeveral sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) have been tested as lead drugs in cancer clinical trials. Salograviolide-<b>A</b> (Sal-<b>A)</b> and salograviolide-<b>B</b> (Sal-<b>B)</b> are two STLs that have been isolated from <i>Centaurea ainetensis</i><i>,</i> an indigenous medicinal plant of the Middle Eastern region. The parent compounds Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> were modified and successfully prepared into eight novel guaianolide-type STLs (compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b>) bearing ester groups of different geometries. Sal-<b>A</b>, Sal-<b>B</b>, and compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> were tested against a human colorectal cancer cell line model with differing p53 status; HCT116 with wild-type p53 and HCT116 p53<sup>−/−</sup> null for p53, and the normal-like human colon mucosa cells with wild-type p53, NCM460. IC<sub>50</sub> values indicated that derivatization of Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> resulted in potentiation of HCT116 cell growth inhibition by 97% and 66%, respectively. The effects of the different molecules on cancer cell growth were independent of p53 status. Interestingly, the derivatization of Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> molecules enhanced their anti-growth properties versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which is the drug of choice in colorectal cancer. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the enhanced molecule potencies were mainly attributed to the position and number of the hydroxy groups, the lipophilicity, and the superiority of ester groups over hydroxy substituents in terms of their branching and chain lengths. The favorable cytotoxicity and selectivity of the potent molecules, to cancer cells versus their normal counterparts, pointed them out as promising leads for anti-cancer drug design.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5481guaianolidessesquiterpene lactonesester derivativescell growth activitycolorectal cancerp53 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lamis Al Aaraj Berthe Hayar Zaynab Jaber Walid Saad Najat A. Saliba Nadine Darwiche Tarek Ghaddar |
spellingShingle |
Lamis Al Aaraj Berthe Hayar Zaynab Jaber Walid Saad Najat A. Saliba Nadine Darwiche Tarek Ghaddar The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth Molecules guaianolides sesquiterpene lactones ester derivatives cell growth activity colorectal cancer p53 |
author_facet |
Lamis Al Aaraj Berthe Hayar Zaynab Jaber Walid Saad Najat A. Saliba Nadine Darwiche Tarek Ghaddar |
author_sort |
Lamis Al Aaraj |
title |
The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth |
title_short |
The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth |
title_full |
The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth |
title_fullStr |
The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth |
title_sort |
effect of different ester chain modifications of two guaianolides for inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Several sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) have been tested as lead drugs in cancer clinical trials. Salograviolide-<b>A</b> (Sal-<b>A)</b> and salograviolide-<b>B</b> (Sal-<b>B)</b> are two STLs that have been isolated from <i>Centaurea ainetensis</i><i>,</i> an indigenous medicinal plant of the Middle Eastern region. The parent compounds Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> were modified and successfully prepared into eight novel guaianolide-type STLs (compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b>) bearing ester groups of different geometries. Sal-<b>A</b>, Sal-<b>B</b>, and compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> were tested against a human colorectal cancer cell line model with differing p53 status; HCT116 with wild-type p53 and HCT116 p53<sup>−/−</sup> null for p53, and the normal-like human colon mucosa cells with wild-type p53, NCM460. IC<sub>50</sub> values indicated that derivatization of Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> resulted in potentiation of HCT116 cell growth inhibition by 97% and 66%, respectively. The effects of the different molecules on cancer cell growth were independent of p53 status. Interestingly, the derivatization of Sal-<b>A</b> and Sal-<b>B</b> molecules enhanced their anti-growth properties versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which is the drug of choice in colorectal cancer. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the enhanced molecule potencies were mainly attributed to the position and number of the hydroxy groups, the lipophilicity, and the superiority of ester groups over hydroxy substituents in terms of their branching and chain lengths. The favorable cytotoxicity and selectivity of the potent molecules, to cancer cells versus their normal counterparts, pointed them out as promising leads for anti-cancer drug design. |
topic |
guaianolides sesquiterpene lactones ester derivatives cell growth activity colorectal cancer p53 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5481 |
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