Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Antenatal depression is a serious problem worldwide that has devastating consequences not only for the mother but also for the child and family. The pooled evidence regarding the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression is rare in Africa. Hence this review aimed...

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Main Authors: Abel Fekadu Dadi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2020-04-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-020-02929-5
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spelling doaj-fdcfe6c001414df6bb3409aa302b67822020-11-25T02:02:36ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932020-04-0120111310.1186/s12884-020-02929-5Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysisAbel Fekadu Dadi0Haileab Fekadu Wolde1Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki2Temesgen Yihunie Akalu3University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsAbstract Background Antenatal depression is a serious problem worldwide that has devastating consequences not only for the mother but also for the child and family. The pooled evidence regarding the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression is rare in Africa. Hence this review aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression in Africa. Methods We searched CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Psychiatry online, PubMed, SCOPES, and Emcare databases for English written observational studies conducted in Africa from 2007 to 2018.Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), and studies with good quality were included in the final review. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I 2 and Higgins test. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot symmetry, and Egger’s regression test and adjustment was made by using Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill analysis. A random effect Meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI). Stata 14 was used for analysis. The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO number CRD42018106717. Result Of the 175 studies identified, 28 studies with an overall sample size of 17,938 were included. According to the random effect model following trim and fill analysis, the pooled prevalence of antenatal depression in Africa was 26.3% (95%CI: 22.2, 30.4%). Economic difficulties [POR = 1.87;95%CI:1.25,2.78,I 2  = 88.1%], unfavorable marital condition [POR = 4.17;95% CI:1.75, 9.94, I 2  = 81.2%], poor support from relatives [POR = 1.36;95% CI:1.18, 1.56, I 2  = 78.0%], bad obstetric history [POR = 2.30;95% CI:1.81, 2.92), I 2  = 81.7%], and history of mental health problem [POR = 2.97; 95% CI:1.74, 5.06, I 2  = 92.0%]were the factors associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion The prevalence of antenatal depression is high in Africa, which showed that one in four pregnant women had depression. Pregnant mothers who had economic difficulties, bad obstetric history, poor support from relatives, previous mental health problems, and unfavorable marital conditions were at higher risk of antenatal depression. Therefore these factors should be considered while designing mental health care services for pregnant mothers.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-020-02929-5Antenatal depressionAssociated factorsSystematic reviewMeta-analysisAfrica
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Abel Fekadu Dadi
Haileab Fekadu Wolde
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
spellingShingle Abel Fekadu Dadi
Haileab Fekadu Wolde
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Antenatal depression
Associated factors
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Africa
author_facet Abel Fekadu Dadi
Haileab Fekadu Wolde
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
author_sort Abel Fekadu Dadi
title Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort epidemiology of antenatal depression in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher BMC
series BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
issn 1471-2393
publishDate 2020-04-01
description Abstract Background Antenatal depression is a serious problem worldwide that has devastating consequences not only for the mother but also for the child and family. The pooled evidence regarding the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression is rare in Africa. Hence this review aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression in Africa. Methods We searched CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Psychiatry online, PubMed, SCOPES, and Emcare databases for English written observational studies conducted in Africa from 2007 to 2018.Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), and studies with good quality were included in the final review. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I 2 and Higgins test. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot symmetry, and Egger’s regression test and adjustment was made by using Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill analysis. A random effect Meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI). Stata 14 was used for analysis. The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO number CRD42018106717. Result Of the 175 studies identified, 28 studies with an overall sample size of 17,938 were included. According to the random effect model following trim and fill analysis, the pooled prevalence of antenatal depression in Africa was 26.3% (95%CI: 22.2, 30.4%). Economic difficulties [POR = 1.87;95%CI:1.25,2.78,I 2  = 88.1%], unfavorable marital condition [POR = 4.17;95% CI:1.75, 9.94, I 2  = 81.2%], poor support from relatives [POR = 1.36;95% CI:1.18, 1.56, I 2  = 78.0%], bad obstetric history [POR = 2.30;95% CI:1.81, 2.92), I 2  = 81.7%], and history of mental health problem [POR = 2.97; 95% CI:1.74, 5.06, I 2  = 92.0%]were the factors associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion The prevalence of antenatal depression is high in Africa, which showed that one in four pregnant women had depression. Pregnant mothers who had economic difficulties, bad obstetric history, poor support from relatives, previous mental health problems, and unfavorable marital conditions were at higher risk of antenatal depression. Therefore these factors should be considered while designing mental health care services for pregnant mothers.
topic Antenatal depression
Associated factors
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Africa
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-020-02929-5
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