| Summary: | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). Interleukin-1B and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists are key factors in inflammatory processes. Aims: The aims of our study were to evaluate the relationship between genetic variation in interleukin-1B (<i>IL1B</i>) rs1143627 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (<i>IL1RN</i>) variable-number-tandem-repeats (VNTR), and overall IS and subtype prevalence rates. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> The analysis included 147 hospitalized Polish patients with IS diagnosed using conventional criteria. The control group consisted of 119 healthy subjects. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. <i>Results:</i> A significant association between rs1143627 and stroke was found. The -31C <i>IL1B</i> polymorphism showed an association with overall IS, OR = 2.30 (1.36−3.87) <i>p</i> = 0.020. An association was also detected for LVI (large vessel infarction) subtypes of stroke. After risk factor adjustment (age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), the C allele was found to be an independent risk factor for LVI, OR = 1.99 (1.05−3.79) <i>p</i> = 0.036. Significant association was not observed between <i>IL1RN</i> alleles and IS. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our results suggest that the C allele of <i>IL1B</i> rs1143627 may be associated with susceptibility to overall IS and LVI subtypes of stroke in the Polish population.
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