A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada
Abstract Background The health of people who use drugs (PWUD) is characterized by multimorbidity and chronicity of health conditions, necessitating an understanding of their health care utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions...
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doaj-ff24862692b843bea74cb91dcedbbe602020-11-24T21:42:12ZengBMCHarm Reduction Journal1477-75172017-05-0114111010.1186/s12954-017-0143-4A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, CanadaClaire E. Kendall0Lisa M. Boucher1Amy E. Mark2Alana Martin3Zack Marshall4Rob Boyd5Pam Oickle6Nicola Diliso7Dave Pineau8Brad Renaud9Tiffany Rose10Sean LeBlanc11Mark Tyndall12Olivia M. Lee13Ahmed M. Bayoumi14Bruyère Research InstituteBruyère Research InstituteInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa HospitalOttawa Hospital Research InstituteSocial Development Studies and School of Social Work, Renison University College-University of WaterlooSandy Hill Community Health CentreOttawa Public HealthPROUD Community Advisory CommitteePROUD Community Advisory CommitteePROUD Community Advisory CommitteePROUD Community Advisory CommitteePROUD Community Advisory CommitteeBC Centre for Disease ControlFaculty of Medicine, University of OttawaInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa HospitalAbstract Background The health of people who use drugs (PWUD) is characterized by multimorbidity and chronicity of health conditions, necessitating an understanding of their health care utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions among a cohort of PWUD. Methods We used a retrospective observational design between 2012 and 2013. The population was a marginalized cohort of PWUD (the PROUD study) for whom survey data was linked (n = 663) to provincial health administrative data housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. We constructed a 5:1 comparison group matched by age, sex, income quintile, and region. The main outcomes were defined as having two or more ED visits, or one or more hospital admissions, in the year prior to survey completion. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with these outcomes. Results Compared to the matched cohort, PWUD had higher rates of ED visits (rate ratio [RR] 7.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 6.5–7.6) and hospitalization (RR 7.7; 95% CI 5.9–10.0). After adjustment, factors predicting more ED visits were receiving disability (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.0; 95% CI 1.7–5.5) or income assistance (AOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5–5.0), injection drug use (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3–3.4), incarceration within 12 months (AOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.4), mental health comorbidity (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4–3.1), and a suicide attempt within 12 months (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Receiving methadone (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.9) and having a regular family physician (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were associated with lower odds of having more ED visits. Factors associated with more hospital admissions included Aboriginal identity (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4–4.1), receiving disability (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.4), non-injection drug use (opioids and non-opioids) (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.4), comorbid HIV (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2–5.6), mental health comorbidity (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.2), and unstable housing (AOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0–3.4); there were no protective factors for hospitalization. Conclusions Improved post-incarceration support, housing services, and access to integrated primary care services including opioid replacement therapy may be effective interventions to decrease acute care use among PWUD, including targeted approaches for people receiving social assistance or with mental health concerns.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12954-017-0143-4People who use drugsEmergency department visitsHospital admissionsHealth administrative dataSelf-reported dataMatched control group |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Claire E. Kendall Lisa M. Boucher Amy E. Mark Alana Martin Zack Marshall Rob Boyd Pam Oickle Nicola Diliso Dave Pineau Brad Renaud Tiffany Rose Sean LeBlanc Mark Tyndall Olivia M. Lee Ahmed M. Bayoumi |
spellingShingle |
Claire E. Kendall Lisa M. Boucher Amy E. Mark Alana Martin Zack Marshall Rob Boyd Pam Oickle Nicola Diliso Dave Pineau Brad Renaud Tiffany Rose Sean LeBlanc Mark Tyndall Olivia M. Lee Ahmed M. Bayoumi A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada Harm Reduction Journal People who use drugs Emergency department visits Hospital admissions Health administrative data Self-reported data Matched control group |
author_facet |
Claire E. Kendall Lisa M. Boucher Amy E. Mark Alana Martin Zack Marshall Rob Boyd Pam Oickle Nicola Diliso Dave Pineau Brad Renaud Tiffany Rose Sean LeBlanc Mark Tyndall Olivia M. Lee Ahmed M. Bayoumi |
author_sort |
Claire E. Kendall |
title |
A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada |
title_short |
A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada |
title_full |
A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada |
title_fullStr |
A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
A cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada |
title_sort |
cohort study examining emergency department visits and hospital admissions among people who use drugs in ottawa, canada |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Harm Reduction Journal |
issn |
1477-7517 |
publishDate |
2017-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The health of people who use drugs (PWUD) is characterized by multimorbidity and chronicity of health conditions, necessitating an understanding of their health care utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions among a cohort of PWUD. Methods We used a retrospective observational design between 2012 and 2013. The population was a marginalized cohort of PWUD (the PROUD study) for whom survey data was linked (n = 663) to provincial health administrative data housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. We constructed a 5:1 comparison group matched by age, sex, income quintile, and region. The main outcomes were defined as having two or more ED visits, or one or more hospital admissions, in the year prior to survey completion. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with these outcomes. Results Compared to the matched cohort, PWUD had higher rates of ED visits (rate ratio [RR] 7.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 6.5–7.6) and hospitalization (RR 7.7; 95% CI 5.9–10.0). After adjustment, factors predicting more ED visits were receiving disability (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.0; 95% CI 1.7–5.5) or income assistance (AOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5–5.0), injection drug use (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3–3.4), incarceration within 12 months (AOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.4), mental health comorbidity (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4–3.1), and a suicide attempt within 12 months (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Receiving methadone (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.9) and having a regular family physician (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were associated with lower odds of having more ED visits. Factors associated with more hospital admissions included Aboriginal identity (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4–4.1), receiving disability (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.4), non-injection drug use (opioids and non-opioids) (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.4), comorbid HIV (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2–5.6), mental health comorbidity (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.2), and unstable housing (AOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0–3.4); there were no protective factors for hospitalization. Conclusions Improved post-incarceration support, housing services, and access to integrated primary care services including opioid replacement therapy may be effective interventions to decrease acute care use among PWUD, including targeted approaches for people receiving social assistance or with mental health concerns. |
topic |
People who use drugs Emergency department visits Hospital admissions Health administrative data Self-reported data Matched control group |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12954-017-0143-4 |
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