DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment
DNA is the source of genetic information, and preserving its integrity is essential in order to sustain life. The genome is continuously threatened by different types of DNA lesions, such as abasic sites, mismatches, interstrand crosslinks, or single-stranded and double-stranded breaks. As a consequ...
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2020-07-01
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doaj-ff469718b67544aaa962e643dad70e6f2020-11-25T03:44:31ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-07-0191665166510.3390/cells9071665DNA Damage: From Threat to TreatmentAntonio Carusillo0Claudio Mussolino1Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyInstitute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDNA is the source of genetic information, and preserving its integrity is essential in order to sustain life. The genome is continuously threatened by different types of DNA lesions, such as abasic sites, mismatches, interstrand crosslinks, or single-stranded and double-stranded breaks. As a consequence, cells have evolved specialized DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms to sustain genome integrity. By orchestrating multilayer signaling cascades specific for the type of lesion that occurred, the DDR ensures that genetic information is preserved overtime. In the last decades, DNA repair mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated to untangle these complex networks of pathways and processes. As a result, key factors have been identified that control and coordinate DDR circuits in time and space. In the first part of this review, we describe the critical processes encompassing DNA damage sensing and resolution. In the second part, we illustrate the consequences of partial or complete failure of the DNA repair machinery. Lastly, we will report examples in which this knowledge has been instrumental to develop novel therapies based on genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1665genome integrityDNA damageDNA damage response (DDR)cell-cycleNHEJHDR |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Antonio Carusillo Claudio Mussolino |
spellingShingle |
Antonio Carusillo Claudio Mussolino DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment Cells genome integrity DNA damage DNA damage response (DDR) cell-cycle NHEJ HDR |
author_facet |
Antonio Carusillo Claudio Mussolino |
author_sort |
Antonio Carusillo |
title |
DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment |
title_short |
DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment |
title_full |
DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment |
title_fullStr |
DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
DNA Damage: From Threat to Treatment |
title_sort |
dna damage: from threat to treatment |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
DNA is the source of genetic information, and preserving its integrity is essential in order to sustain life. The genome is continuously threatened by different types of DNA lesions, such as abasic sites, mismatches, interstrand crosslinks, or single-stranded and double-stranded breaks. As a consequence, cells have evolved specialized DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms to sustain genome integrity. By orchestrating multilayer signaling cascades specific for the type of lesion that occurred, the DDR ensures that genetic information is preserved overtime. In the last decades, DNA repair mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated to untangle these complex networks of pathways and processes. As a result, key factors have been identified that control and coordinate DDR circuits in time and space. In the first part of this review, we describe the critical processes encompassing DNA damage sensing and resolution. In the second part, we illustrate the consequences of partial or complete failure of the DNA repair machinery. Lastly, we will report examples in which this knowledge has been instrumental to develop novel therapies based on genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas. |
topic |
genome integrity DNA damage DNA damage response (DDR) cell-cycle NHEJ HDR |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1665 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT antoniocarusillo dnadamagefromthreattotreatment AT claudiomussolino dnadamagefromthreattotreatment |
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