Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia.
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hy...
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doaj-ffe9988942c644a69d0ce0704a01f4af2020-11-25T02:13:36ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01112e014876710.1371/journal.pone.0148767Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia.Nmn NikNadiaI-Ching SamNasibah KhaidirRomano NguiYvonne A L LimXiang Ting GohSeow Huey ChoyYoke Fun ChanEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hygiene practices. This cross-sectional study compared the seroepidemiology of EV-A71 among rural Orang Asli and urban Kuala Lumpur populations in West Malaysia, and determined the risk factors associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in rural Orang Asli. Seropositive rates were determined by neutralization assay. EV-A71 seropositivity was strongly associated with increasing age in both populations. Rural Orang Asli children ≤12 years had significantly higher EV-A71 seropositivity rates than urban Kuala Lumpur children (95.5% vs 57.6%, P < 0.001), and also higher rates in the age groups of 1-3, 4-6 and 7-12 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age ≤12 years (adjusted OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.2-20.7, P < 0.001) and using untreated water (adjusted OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.3-16.6, P < 0.001) were independently associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in the Orang Asli population. Supply of clean drinking water may reduce the risk of EV-A71 infection. With significantly higher EV-A71 seropositive rates, younger rural children should be a priority target for future vaccination programs in Malaysia.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4750978?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nmn NikNadia I-Ching Sam Nasibah Khaidir Romano Ngui Yvonne A L Lim Xiang Ting Goh Seow Huey Choy Yoke Fun Chan |
spellingShingle |
Nmn NikNadia I-Ching Sam Nasibah Khaidir Romano Ngui Yvonne A L Lim Xiang Ting Goh Seow Huey Choy Yoke Fun Chan Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Nmn NikNadia I-Ching Sam Nasibah Khaidir Romano Ngui Yvonne A L Lim Xiang Ting Goh Seow Huey Choy Yoke Fun Chan |
author_sort |
Nmn NikNadia |
title |
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. |
title_short |
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. |
title_full |
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. |
title_fullStr |
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia. |
title_sort |
risk factors for enterovirus a71 seropositivity in rural indigenous populations in west malaysia. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hygiene practices. This cross-sectional study compared the seroepidemiology of EV-A71 among rural Orang Asli and urban Kuala Lumpur populations in West Malaysia, and determined the risk factors associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in rural Orang Asli. Seropositive rates were determined by neutralization assay. EV-A71 seropositivity was strongly associated with increasing age in both populations. Rural Orang Asli children ≤12 years had significantly higher EV-A71 seropositivity rates than urban Kuala Lumpur children (95.5% vs 57.6%, P < 0.001), and also higher rates in the age groups of 1-3, 4-6 and 7-12 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age ≤12 years (adjusted OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.2-20.7, P < 0.001) and using untreated water (adjusted OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.3-16.6, P < 0.001) were independently associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in the Orang Asli population. Supply of clean drinking water may reduce the risk of EV-A71 infection. With significantly higher EV-A71 seropositive rates, younger rural children should be a priority target for future vaccination programs in Malaysia. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4750978?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
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