| Summary: | Learning confusion is a common emotion among learners. With the aid of machine learning, this paper develops a data-driven emotion model that automatically recognizes learning confusion in facial expression images. The data on learning behaviors and learning confusion of multiple subjects were collected through an online English evaluation experiment, and imported to the proposed model to derive the relationship between learning confusion and academic performance, which is measured by the correctness of the students' answers to the test questions. The experimental results show that the students with learning confusion had relatively low correct rate of answering test questions. The research findings reveal the relationship between learning confusion and academic performance, laying the basis for predicting the academic performance of English learners through machine learning.
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