Organic geochemistry of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England

• Main Authors: Trabucho-Alexandre, J. (Author), French, Katherine L. (Contributor), Sepulveda, Julio (Contributor), Grocke, D. R. (Author), Summons, Roger Everett (Contributor)
• Other Authors: Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Contributor), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (Contributor), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Contributor)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier, 2015-07-30T12:28:55Z.
• Subjects: Article
• Online Access: Get fulltext

A comprehensive organic geochemical investigation of the Hawsker Bottoms outcrop section in Yorkshire, England has provided new insights about environmental conditions leading into and during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ~183 Ma). Rock-Eval and molecular analyses demonstrate that the section is uniformly within the early oil window. Hydrogen index (HI), organic petrography, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distributions, and tricyclic terpane ratios mark a shift to a lower relative abundance of terrigenous organic matter supplied to the sampling locality during the onset of the T-OAE and across a lithological transition. Unlike other ancient intervals of anoxia and extinction, biomarker indices of planktonic community structure do not display major changes or anomalous values. Depositional environment and redox indicators support a shift towards more reducing conditions in the sediment porewaters and the development of a seasonally stratified water column during the T-OAE. In addition to carotenoid biomarkers for green sulfur bacteria (GSB), we report the first occurrence of okenane, a marker of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), in marine samples younger than ~1.64 Ga. Based on modern observations, a planktonic source of okenane's precursor, okenone, would require extremely shallow photic zone euxinia (PZE) and a highly restricted depositional environment. However, due to coastal vertical mixing, the lack of planktonic okenone production in modern marine sulfidic environments, and building evidence of okenone production in mat-dwelling Chromatiaceae, we propose a sedimentary source of okenone as an alternative. Lastly, we report the first parallel compound-specific δ[superscript 13]C record in marine- and terrestrial-derived biomarkers across the T-OAE. The δ[superscript 13]C records of short-chain n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and long-chain n -alkanes all encode negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), and together, they support an injection of isotopically light carbon that impacted both the atmospheric and marine carbon reservoirs. To date, molecular δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE display a negative CIE that is smaller in magnitude compared to the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C excursion. Although multiple mechanisms could explain this observation, our molecular, petrographic, and Rock-Eval data suggest that variable mixing of terrigenous and marine organic matter is an important factor affecting the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE.
NASA Astrobiology Institute
Exobiology Program (U.S.)
National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship