Error Sensor Placement for Active Control of an Axial Cooling Fan

• Main Author: Shafer, Benjamin M.
• Format: Others
• Published: BYU ScholarsArchive 2007
• Subjects: fan; cooling fan; cooling fans; fans; axial fan; axial fans; axial cooling fan; fan noise; fan noise control; active noise control; ANC; active control; fan noise modeling; fan noise model; error sensor; error sensor placement; near field; near-field pressure; near-field error sensor; near-field error sensors; pressure mapping; multipole; multipole expansion; spherical harmonics; multipoles; Astrophysics and Astronomy; Physics
• Online Access: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1205; https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2204&context=etd

Recent experimental achievements in active noise control (ANC) for cooling fans have used near-field error sensors whose locations are determined according to a theoretical condition of minimized sound power. A theoretical point source model, based on the condition previously stated, reveals the location of near-field pressure nulls that may be used to optimize error sensor placement. The actual locations of these near-field pressure nulls for both an axial cooling fan and a monopole loudspeaker were measured over a two-dimensional grid with a linear array of microphones. The achieved global attenuation for each case is measured over a hemisphere located in the acoustic far field of the ANC system. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical pressure null locations in order to determine the efficacy of the point source model. The results closely matched the point source model with a loudspeaker as the primary source, and the sound power reduction was greatly reduced when error sensors were placed in non-ideal locations. A weakness of the current near-field modeling process is that a point monopole source is used to characterize the acoustic noise from an axial cooling fan, which may have multipole characteristics. A more complete characterization of fan noise may be obtained using a procedure based on the work of Martin and Roure [J. Sound Vib. 201 (5), 577--593 (1997)]. Pressure values are obtained over a hemisphere in the far field of a primary source and the contributions from point source distributions up to the second order, centered at the primary source, may be calculated using a multipole expansion. The source information is then used in the aforementioned theoretical near-field calculation of pressure. The error sensors are positioned using the complete fan characterization. The global far-field attenuation for the multipole expansion model of fan noise is compared to that of previous experiments. Results show that the multipole expansion model yields a more accurate representation the near field, but is not successful in achieving greater sound power reductions in the far field.