我國維護海上安全能量之研究

• Main Author: 劉志慶
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 海權; 海軍; 海巡署; 海上安全; 海域執法; sea power; navy; coast guard; maritime security; maritime law enforcement
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0097981009%22.

進入全球化的21世紀，對於海上安全議題，個別國家已經無法獨自處理。海上安全議題所牽涉的範圍相當廣泛，尤其是必須面對傳統的與非傳統安全所交織而成的威脅，而這些威脅將對國家安全產生重大影響，因為海洋環境的安全，關係到世界各國的生存發展，如果海洋受到威脅，將對世界政治與經濟安全產生強烈衝擊，並嚴重危害人類社會秩序與穩定。 自1982年聯合國《海洋法公約》公布後，各沿海國家紛紛競逐海洋領土，引發區域內利益衝突，我國為一海洋國家，生存發展必須仰賴海上，當然也受到衝擊，舉凡海洋領土、海上交通、貿易、能源礦藏、漁業資源保育、環境保護等事項，均受到各國海權擴張的影響，囿於我國政治地位及地理環境的特殊性，周邊國家均不願正視我國的存在事實，加上專屬經濟海域與各國嚴重重疊因素，至今無法循正常外交管道協議劃界，進而衍生 “海洋領土爭議”、“漁權爭端”、“海域資源開發與探勘”及“海上犯罪”等影響我國家安全之問題。 目前各國在處理海洋爭端時，用和平與對話的方式是當今現代國家最高指導原則，但其核心仍然離不開海洋控制，所以發展強大的海上武裝力量仍將是實現海權必要步驟和標誌。但是，若動用海軍來處理海上非軍事面向的衝突時，將可能引發戰爭。因此，若要維護國家海權伸張以及降低軍事衝突的可能性，擁有一支足以擔負起海上安全任務、確保國家利益卻又不帶軍事色彩的海域執法機關是不可或缺的，惟有建構強大海上執法實力，我國海上安全與海洋權益才能獲得確保。本論文從中共、韓國、日本、菲律賓與越南等周邊國家，比較我國與各國在海洋事務之推展及海上執法機關能量之現況，發掘問題、分析檢討不足之處，進而提出符合我國國家安全與區域海上安全的對策。 === Maritime security is beyond the ability of each individual country in an era of globalization in 21st century as it involves extensive scope of topics especially for traditional and non-traditional threats they need to face, in which these threats will cause major impact on the national safety as the safety of marine environment is associated with survival and development of various countries in the world, there will be strong impact on the global politics, economy and safety and will severely endanger social order and stability of human beings once the ocean is being threatened. Since “Oceans and Law of the Sea”was announced by the United Nations in 1982, the various coastal countries have been competing for the marine territory and caused conflict of interests within the region, Taiwan is a marine country which relies on the sea for its survival and development and will by all means be affected. Those which are associated with marine territory, marine traffic, trade, energy & mineral resources, fishery resources care, environmental protection matters will be all affected by sea power expansion of various countries. Due to the particularity of our political status and geography, the peripheral countries all ignore the existence of Taiwan, and also, the territorial sea of Taiwan is overlapping with various countries, have led to unavailability of marking off the territory through normal diplomatic channels and further caused “sovereignty of marine territory dispute”, “fishing right dispute”, “resource development & investigation of territorial sea” and “cross-border” crime at sea and other issues that will affect our national security. Currently, the various countries follow principles of peace and conversation when dealing with maritime disputes and mainly stay with maritime control; therefore, developing strong marine force is necessary step to take and a symbol to realize sea power. However, it may cause war if using the navy to handle the non-military conflict at sea, therefore, it is indispensable to have a maritime law enforcement authority that is capability of taking the responsibility of maritime security, ensuring national interest without military influence if you’d like to protect the expansion of sea power of a nation and minimize the military conflict. Only having strong capability in maritime law enforcement will ensure maritime security and marine benefits of Taiwan, in which this paper proceeds comparisons of PRC, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam and other peripheral countries with Taiwan in terms of promotion of marine affairs and current situation of marine law enforcement authorities so as to discover problems, analyze shortcomings, and to further propose countermeasures that comply with our national security and regional maritime security.