Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors
Hierarchical Kroll-carbons (KCs) with combined micro- and mesopore systems are prepared from silica and alumina templates by a reductive carbochlorination reaction of fumed silica and alumina nanoparticles inside a dense carbon matrix. The resulting KCs offer specific surface areas close to 2000 m2...
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Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden
2014
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ndltd-DRESDEN-oai-qucosa.de-bsz-14-qucosa-1513452015-01-28T15:30:25Z Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors Oschatz, Martin Boukhalfa, S. Nickel, W. Lee, J. T. Klosz, S. Borchardt, L. Eychmüller, A. Yushin, G. Kaskel, Stefan Kroll-Prozess Silizium Aluminium Elektrochemische Doppelschicht Hierarchical Kroll-carbons silicon aluminium double-layer capacitors ddc:540 ddc:530 rvk:VA 1120 rvk:UA 1000 Hierarchical Kroll-carbons (KCs) with combined micro- and mesopore systems are prepared from silica and alumina templates by a reductive carbochlorination reaction of fumed silica and alumina nanoparticles inside a dense carbon matrix. The resulting KCs offer specific surface areas close to 2000 m2 g−1 and total pore volumes exceeding 3 cm3 g−1, resulting from their hierarchical pore structure. High micropore volumes of 0.39 cm3 g−1 are achieved in alumina-based KCs due to the enhanced carbon etching reaction being mainly responsible for the evolution of porosity. Mesopore sizes are uniform and precisely controllable over a wide range by the template particle dimensions. The possibility of directly recycling the process exhaust gases for the template synthesis and the use of renewable carbohydrates as the carbon source lead to a scalable and efficient alternative to classical hard- and soft templating approaches for the production of mesoporous and hierarchical carbon materials. Silica- and alumina-based Kroll-carbons are versatile electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Specific capacitances of up to 135 F g−1 in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M sulfuric acid) and 174 F g−1 in ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) are achieved when measured in a symmetric cell configuration up to voltages of 0.6 and 2.5 V, respectively. 90% of the capacitance can be utilized at high current densities (20 A g−1) and room temperature rendering Kroll-carbons as attractive materials for EDLC electrodes resulting in high capacities and high rate performance due to the combined presence of micro- and mesopores. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-09-01 doc-type:article application/pdf http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151345 urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151345 PPN425388476 http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/15134/c3ta14815g.pdf Journal of materials chemistry A, 2014,2, 5131-5139, ISSN: 2050-7496 eng |
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NDLTD |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
NDLTD |
topic |
Kroll-Prozess Silizium Aluminium Elektrochemische Doppelschicht Hierarchical Kroll-carbons silicon aluminium double-layer capacitors ddc:540 ddc:530 rvk:VA 1120 rvk:UA 1000 |
spellingShingle |
Kroll-Prozess Silizium Aluminium Elektrochemische Doppelschicht Hierarchical Kroll-carbons silicon aluminium double-layer capacitors ddc:540 ddc:530 rvk:VA 1120 rvk:UA 1000 Oschatz, Martin Boukhalfa, S. Nickel, W. Lee, J. T. Klosz, S. Borchardt, L. Eychmüller, A. Yushin, G. Kaskel, Stefan Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
description |
Hierarchical Kroll-carbons (KCs) with combined micro- and mesopore systems are prepared from silica and alumina templates by a reductive carbochlorination reaction of fumed silica and alumina nanoparticles inside a dense carbon matrix. The resulting KCs offer specific surface areas close to 2000 m2 g−1 and total pore volumes exceeding 3 cm3 g−1, resulting from their hierarchical pore structure. High micropore volumes of 0.39 cm3 g−1 are achieved in alumina-based KCs due to the enhanced carbon etching reaction being mainly responsible for the evolution of porosity. Mesopore sizes are uniform and precisely controllable over a wide range by the template particle dimensions. The possibility of directly recycling the process exhaust gases for the template synthesis and the use of renewable carbohydrates as the carbon source lead to a scalable and efficient alternative to classical hard- and soft templating approaches for the production of mesoporous and hierarchical carbon materials. Silica- and alumina-based Kroll-carbons are versatile electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Specific capacitances of up to 135 F g−1 in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M sulfuric acid) and 174 F g−1 in ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) are achieved when measured in a symmetric cell configuration up to voltages of 0.6 and 2.5 V, respectively. 90% of the capacitance can be utilized at high current densities (20 A g−1) and room temperature rendering Kroll-carbons as attractive materials for EDLC electrodes resulting in high capacities and high rate performance due to the combined presence of micro- and mesopores. |
author2 |
Royal Society of Chemistry, |
author_facet |
Royal Society of Chemistry, Oschatz, Martin Boukhalfa, S. Nickel, W. Lee, J. T. Klosz, S. Borchardt, L. Eychmüller, A. Yushin, G. Kaskel, Stefan |
author |
Oschatz, Martin Boukhalfa, S. Nickel, W. Lee, J. T. Klosz, S. Borchardt, L. Eychmüller, A. Yushin, G. Kaskel, Stefan |
author_sort |
Oschatz, Martin |
title |
Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
title_short |
Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
title_full |
Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
title_fullStr |
Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
title_sort |
kroll-carbons based on silica and alumina templates as high-rate electrode materials in electrochemical double-layer capacitors |
publisher |
Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151345 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151345 http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/15134/c3ta14815g.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1716728625637621760 |