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Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 === FAPERJ === CNPq === The growth of the world population has increased the demand for food, this implies in reduction of the available areas for animal production, which makes imperative the development, evaluation and application of techniques that propitiate the increase of the productivity of Brazilian livestock. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the productive and economic performance of beef cattle finishing under three management and feeding systems, namely: at pasture with mineral supplementation (PSM); at pasture with protein-energy supplementation (SPE); And raised at feedlot with high concentrate diet (AG). For this purpose, 60 castrated male bovines, crossbreed Nelore x Angus, which were distributed in a design Completely randomized, with three systems and twenty animals in each. The study was conducted at Fazenda Tr?s Morros, in the city of Casimiro de Abreu. The means of the studied variables were estimated by LSMEANS and compared by PDIFF, at 5% of probability (p<0.05%), of SAS?. The feedlot (AG) presented shorter finishing time (76 days) and higher weight gain (102.2 kg), total daily average gain (1.35 kg.animal-1.day-1) and average daily gain of carcass (1.02 kg.animal-1.day-1), followed by SPE and PSM, respectively, in relation to the finishing time and the average daily gain of carcass. Regarding weight gain and average daily gain, there was no significant difference (p <0.05) between SPE and PSM. In turn, the average carcass weights (ACW), carcass yields (CY), and carcass gains (CG) of AG (ACW 298.3 kg or 19.9@, CY 55.1% and CG 78.3 kg) and SPE (ACW 288.2 kg or 19.2@, CY 56.1% and CG 68.1 kg) were similar to each other and higher (p<0.05) to PSM. The system PSM had the lowest production costs (effective operational cost R$ 2,277, total operational cost R$ 2,323 and total cost R$ 2,466), while the highest effective operational cost was AG (R$ 2,598) and the highest total operational cost (TOC) and total cost (TC) of SPE (TOC of R$ 2,632 and R$ 2,668). The highest gross margin (R$ 341.1) and net margin (R$ 295.9), net result (R$ 153.0), profitability (5.84%) and simple rentability (4.54%) were obtained by PSM, followed by SPE and AG, in that order. However, when the cash flows were corrected by the general price index - domestic availability (GPI-DA), the gross margins (R$ 199.6) and net margin (R$ 152.2) of PSM remained the highest and followed by SPE and AG (respectively), but the other economic indicators were the lowest among the systems. In this way, the highest net result (R$ 70.7), profitability (2.43%) and simple rentability (1.81%) were observed in SPE. Therefore, the feedlot provided the smallest production cycle and increased animal productivity, the pasture system with mineral supplementation allowed the reduction of production costs, while the concentrate supplementation presented better economic result during the dry season of the year 2015. According to the information obtained, both confinement and supplementation with whole maize diet have the potential to be strategic alternatives to the finishing cattle at exclusively pasture, provided satisfactory market conditions. === O crescimento da popula??o mundial tem elevado a demanda por alimento, isso implica em redu??o das ?reas dispon?veis para produ??o animal, o que torna imperativo o desenvolvimento, avalia??o e aplica??o de t?cnicas que propiciem o aumento da produtividade da pecu?ria brasileira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho produtivo e econ?mico da termina??o de bovinos sob tr?s sistemas de manejo e alimenta??o, a saber: a pasto com suplementa??o mineral (PSM); a pasto com suplementa??o prot?ico-energ?tica (SPE); e confinamento com fornecimento de dieta alto gr?o (AG). Para tanto, foram utilizados 60 bovinos machos castrados, ? sangue Nelore x Angus, distribu?dos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em tr?s sistemas e vinte animais em cada. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Tr?s Morros, no munic?pio de Casimiro de Abreu/RJ. As m?dias das vari?veis estudadas foram estimadas pelo LSMEANS e comparadas pela PDIFF, a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05), do SAS?. O confinamento (AG) apresentou menor tempo de termina??o (76 dias) e maiores ganho de peso (102,2 kg), ganho m?dio di?rio total (1,35 kg.animal-1.dia-1) e ganho m?dio di?rio de carca?a (1,02 kg.animal-1dia-1), seguido por SPE e PSM, respectivamente, em rela??o ao tempo de termina??o e ao ganho m?dio di?rio de carca?a. No que se refere ao ganho de peso e ao ganho m?dio di?rio total, n?o houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) entre SPE e PSM. Por sua vez, os pesos m?dios de carca?a (PMC), os rendimentos de carca?a (RC) e os ganhos de carca?a (GC) de AG (PMC de 298,3 kg ou 19,9 @, RC de 55,1% e GC de 78,3 kg) e SPE (PMC de 288,2 kg ou 19,2 @, RC de 56,1% e GC de 68,1 kg) foram semelhantes entre si e superiores (p<0,05) a PSM. J? o sistema PSM obteve os menores custos de produ??o (custo operacional efetivo de R$ 2.277, custo operacional total de R$ 2.323 e custo total de R$ 2.466), enquanto o maior custo operacional efetivo foi de AG (R$ 2.598) e os maiores custo operacional total (COT) e custo total (CT), de SPE (COT de R$ 2.632 e CT R$ 2.668). As maiores margem bruta (R$ 341,1) e l?quida (R$ 295,9), resultado l?quido (R$ 153,0), lucratividade (5,84%) e rentabilidade simples (4,54%) foram obtidas por PSM, seguidas por SPE e AG, nesta ordem. Por?m, quando os fluxos de caixa foram corrigidos pelo ?ndice geral de pre?os ? disponibilidade interna (IGP-DI), as margens bruta (R$ 199,6) e l?quida (R$ 152,2) de PSM permaneceram as mais elevadas e acompanhadas por SPE e AG (respectivamente), contudo, os demais indicadores econ?micos foram os menores entre os sistemas. Desta forma, os maiores resultado (R$ 70,7), lucratividade (2,43%) e rentabilidade simples (1,81%) foram observados em SPE. Portanto, o confinamento proporcionou o menor ciclo de produ??o e maior produtividade animal, o sistema a pasto com suplementa??o mineral possibilitou a redu??o dos custos de produ??o, enquanto a suplementa??o com concentrado apresentou melhor resultado econ?mico, durante a esta??o seca do ano de 2015. De acordo com as informa??es obtidas, tanto o confinamento quanto a suplementa??o com dieta ? base de milho inteiro possuem potencial para serem alternativas estrat?gicas ? termina??o de bovinos exclusivamente a pasto, desde que presentes condi??es satisfat?rias do mercado.
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